This page provides complete NCERT Class 11 Indian Economic Development Chapter 7 questions, including MCQs, one-word and descriptive questions. All questions are extracted line-by-line from NCERT for full syllabus coverage and exam preparation.
The environment performs four vital functions: supplying resources (renewable and non-renewable), assimilating waste, sustaining life through biodiversity, and providing aesthetic services. Environmental crisis occurs when resource extraction exceeds regeneration rates and waste generation exceeds the absorptive capacity of the environment.
Global issues like global warming (temperature rise of 0.6°C in past century, CO₂ up 31%, methane up 149% since pre-industrial levels) and ozone depletion (caused by CFCs, banned by Montreal Protocol) are discussed.
In India, per capita forest land is only 0.06 hectare against requirement of 0.47 hectare, soil erosion is 5.3 billion tonnes annually, and seventy per cent of water is polluted. The number of motor vehicles increased from 3 lakh in 1951 to 35 crore in 2022, with two-wheelers and cars constituting 85% of vehicles.
The chapter then introduces sustainable development : defined by UNCED as development that meets present needs without compromising future generations’ ability to meet their own needs. The Brundtland Commission’s “Our Common Future” report emphasises intergenerational equity and meeting basic needs of the poor.
Herman Daly’s conditions include limiting population within carrying capacity, ensuring extraction does not exceed regeneration for renewable resources, and depletion of non-renewables not exceeding creation of renewable substitutes.
The UN formulated 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 for achievement by 2030. Strategies for sustainable development in India include: use of non-conventional energy (wind, solar, CNG : Delhi’s public transport uses CNG, reducing air pollution); gobar gas plants in rural areas (providing clean fuel and organic fertiliser); organic farming (using compost, vermicompost, neem-based biopest control, and natural predators like snakes, owls, peacocks, and lizards); and recycling of waste.
The chapter concludes that economic development without environmental concern leads to crisis, and a conscious path of sustainable development is essential for lasting progress and non-declining welfare for all.
What percentage of the world’s geographical area does India occupy?
What percentage of the world’s human population does India support?
What percentage of the world’s livestock population does India support?
How much forest is felled above the permissible limit annually in India?
How many motor vehicles were there in India in 2022?
Two-wheelers and cars constitute what percentage of total registered vehicles in India?
How many categories of significantly polluting industries has CPCB identified?
In Delhi, buses and public transport vehicles use which fuel to reduce air pollution?
The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has increased by what percentage above pre-industrial levels since 1750? (Box 7.1)
The atmospheric concentration of methane (CH4) has increased by what percentage above pre-industrial levels since 1750? (Box 7.1)
During the past century, atmospheric temperature has risen by
On 8 September 1983, how many people hugged trees in Salkani forest in Sirsi district? (Box 7.3)
How many trees were saved in the Appiko movement incident? (Box 7.3)
In the Appiko movement, within what distance of a water source should trees not be felled according to volunteers’ demands? (Box 7.3)
On what slope degree or above should trees not be felled according to Appiko volunteers? (Box 7.3)
Which conference emphasised the concept of sustainable development?
The seminal report ‘Our Common Future’ is also known as
According to Edward Barbier, sustainable development aims at decreasing which of the following?
In which year were the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) formulated by the UN?
Seventy per cent of water in India is
What is the full form of CFC? (Box 7.2) Page 119
What is the full form of CPCB? (Box 7.4) Page 123
What is the full form of UNCED? Page 124
What is the full form of CNG? Page 126
What is the full form of LPG? Page 126
What is the full form of SDG? Page 125
Name the international agreement that banned CFCs (Box 7.2). Page 119
In which year was the Kyoto Protocol held? (Box 7.1) Page 118
Name the report that defined sustainable development as meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generations. Page 124
Name the economist who compared carrying capacity to a ‘plimsoll line’. Page 125
Name the movement in Karnataka similar to Chipko (Box 7.3). Page 121
Which tree has provided several types of pest-controlling chemicals? Page 128
By which year are the SDGs intended to be achieved? Page 125
What was the amount of challan paid by the truck driver emitting black soot? (Work These Out) Page 122
This post was last modified on May 5, 2026 9:45 pm