This page provides complete NCERT Class 11 Indian Economic Development Chapter 6 questions, including MCQs, one-word and descriptive questions. All questions are extracted line-by-line from NCERT for full syllabus coverage and exam preparation.
It defines workers as all those engaged in economic activities contributing to GNP, including self-employed, regular salaried employees, and casual wage labourers. During 2022-23, India had about 545 million workers, with rural workers constituting two-thirds of the total and men forming 77% of the workforce. The worker-population ratio (2023-24) is 43.7% overall : 45.6% in rural areas and 38.9% in urban areas. Female participation remains low, especially in urban areas (20.7%).
Self-employment is the dominant status (58% of workforce), followed by regular salaried (22%) and casual wage labour (20%). Sectorally, the primary sector still employs 46.1% of workers (down from 74.3% in 1972-73), while the service sector has grown to 29.8%.
The chapter highlights several critical trends. Jobless growth : GDP grew positively but employment growth declined after the 1990s, with a widening gap between GDP and employment growth. Casualisation increased from 23.2% (1972-73) to 31.8% (1993-94), though it declined to 19.9% by 2023-24.
Informalisation is massive : 89% of Indian workers are in the informal sector (unorganised sector) with no social security, regular income, or government protection. The Ahmedabad textile mill case study shows how 80,000 permanent workers lost jobs and were driven to poverty.
Unemployment takes multiple forms: open unemployment (visible job-seeking), disguised unemployment (more workers than needed, common in farms), and seasonal unemployment (no work during non-crop seasons). The MGNREGA (2005) guarantees 100 days of wage employment to rural households.
Government efforts are both direct (public sector employment) and indirect (stimulating private sector through public enterprise output). The chapter concludes that while the service sector is expanding and technology enables new work patterns (outsourcing, work-from-home), the quality of employment has deteriorated with limited social security, and governments must continue proactive employment generation, especially in rural areas.
During 2022-23, India had approximately how many million workers (workforce)?
Rural workers constitute about what fraction of India’s total workforce?
What percentage of Indian workers are men?
According to Table 6.1 (2023-24), what is the worker-population ratio for rural males?
According to Table 6.1 (2023-24), what is the worker-population ratio for urban females?
What percentage of India’s workforce is self-employed?
What percentage of India’s workforce are casual wage labourers?
What percentage of India’s workforce are regular salaried employees?
In rural areas, what percentage of workers are self-employed according to Chart 6.2?
According to Table 6.2 (2023-24), what percentage of rural workers are in the primary sector?
According to Table 6.2 (2023-24), what percentage of urban workers are in the service sector?
According to Table 6.2 (2023-24), what percentage of female workers are in the primary sector?
During 1950-2010, employment growth in India was not more than what percentage?
According to Chart 6.3, what was the GDP growth rate during 2000-2010 approximately?
According to Table 6.3, in 2023-24, what percentage of workforce was in the secondary sector?
According to Box 6.1, in 2012, out of about 30 million formal sector workers, how many were employed by the public sector?
In 2011-12, what percentage of formal sector workers were women?
In 2011-12, what percentage of informal sector workers were women?
In the Ahmedabad case study (Box 6.2), approximately how many permanent workers lost their jobs due to textile mill closures?
One study conducted in the late 1950s showed what fraction of agriculture workers in India were disguisedly unemployed?
What is the full form of GDP? Page 94
What is the full form of GNP? Page 94
What is the full form of ILO? Page 105
What is the full form of NSSO? Page 107
What is the full form of PLFS? Page 107
What is the name of the weekly government publication that lists job vacancies? Page 112
In which year was the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act passed? Page 108
What is the new name of MNREGA mentioned in the chapter? Page 96
Name the city where 80,000 permanent textile mill workers lost jobs due to mill closures (Box 6.2). Page 105
According to Chart 6.4, how many crore workers were in the informal sector in 2019-20? Page 104
What is the term used when a worker cannot get employment for even one hour in half a day? Page 107
Which organisation collects information on formal sector employment through employment exchanges? Page 103
According to Table 6.1 (2023-24), what is the total worker-population ratio in urban areas? Page 95
Name the weekly newspaper published by the Government of India for job advertisements. Page 112
This post was last modified on May 5, 2026 9:44 pm