Minerals and Rocks Important Questions
These Minerals and Rocks Important Questions cover important NCERT concepts related to minerals, rock cycle, igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks and geological processes.
The chapter-wise questions include MCQs, one-word questions, assertion and reason questions and analytical descriptive questions useful for UPSC, SSC, Railways, State PSC, CUET, CBSE board exams and competitive examinations.
NCERT Page Coverage: Page 40–45
Table of Contents
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
These MCQs from Minerals and Rocks help students revise important concepts related to minerals, rock formation processes and geological transformations.
MCQ 1
A mineral is a:
- A. Living organism
- B. Naturally occurring inorganic substance
- C. Man-made chemical
- D. Type of soil only
Page Reference: Page 40
MCQ 2
Which property is used to identify minerals?
- A. Colour only
- B. Hardness only
- C. Lustre and density
- D. All of these
Page Reference: Page 40
MCQ 3
The hardest known mineral is:
- A. Quartz
- B. Diamond
- C. Feldspar
- D. Gypsum
Page Reference: Page 41
MCQ 4
Rocks are aggregates of:
- A. Water only
- B. Soil particles only
- C. Minerals
- D. Fossils only
Page Reference: Page 41
MCQ 5
Which type of rock is formed from cooling and solidification of magma?
- A. Sedimentary rock
- B. Metamorphic rock
- C. Igneous rock
- D. Organic rock
Page Reference: Page 42
MCQ 6
Igneous rocks are also known as:
- A. Secondary rocks
- B. Layered rocks
- C. Primary rocks
- D. Fossil rocks
Page Reference: Page 42
MCQ 7
Granite is an example of:
- A. Extrusive igneous rock
- B. Intrusive igneous rock
- C. Sedimentary rock
- D. Metamorphic rock
Page Reference: Page 42
MCQ 8
Basalt is mainly an example of:
- A. Intrusive igneous rock
- B. Extrusive igneous rock
- C. Sedimentary rock
- D. Organic rock
Page Reference: Page 42
MCQ 9
Sedimentary rocks are formed by:
- A. Cooling of magma
- B. Accumulation and consolidation of sediments
- C. Volcanic eruptions only
- D. Melting of rocks
Page Reference: Page 43
MCQ 10
Which rock type often contains fossils?
- A. Igneous rocks
- B. Metamorphic rocks
- C. Sedimentary rocks
- D. Granite rocks
Page Reference: Page 43
MCQ 11
Metamorphic rocks are formed due to:
- A. Cooling of lava
- B. Weathering only
- C. Heat and pressure
- D. River deposition only
Page Reference: Page 44
MCQ 12
Marble is formed from:
- A. Granite
- B. Basalt
- C. Limestone
- D. Sandstone
Page Reference: Page 44
MCQ 13
Quartzite is formed from:
- A. Granite
- B. Sandstone
- C. Limestone
- D. Basalt
Page Reference: Page 44
MCQ 14
The continuous transformation of rocks is called:
- A. Water cycle
- B. Rock cycle
- C. Nitrogen cycle
- D. Erosion cycle
Page Reference: Page 45
MCQ 15
Which process breaks rocks into smaller fragments?
- A. Metamorphism
- B. Weathering
- C. Crystallisation
- D. Folding
Page Reference: Page 45
MCQ 16
Coal is mainly classified as:
- A. Igneous rock
- B. Sedimentary rock
- C. Metamorphic rock
- D. Crystalline rock
Page Reference: Page 43
MCQ 17
Slate is a metamorphic form of:
- A. Limestone
- B. Shale
- C. Granite
- D. Basalt
Page Reference: Page 44
MCQ 18
Which mineral property measures resistance to scratching?
- A. Lustre
- B. Cleavage
- C. Hardness
- D. Density
Page Reference: Page 41
MCQ 19
Rocks without layers are generally:
- A. Sedimentary rocks
- B. Igneous rocks
- C. Fossil rocks
- D. Organic rocks
Page Reference: Page 42
MCQ 20
The parent material for soil formation mainly comes from:
- A. Rivers only
- B. Rocks
- C. Atmosphere only
- D. Vegetation only
Page Reference: Page 45
One-Word / Very Short Answer Questions
| Question | Answer | Page Reference |
|---|---|---|
| What is a naturally occurring inorganic substance called? | Mineral | Page 40 |
| Which is the hardest mineral? | Diamond | Page 41 |
| Rocks are aggregates of what? | Minerals | Page 41 |
| Which rocks are formed from magma? | Igneous rocks | Page 42 |
| What are primary rocks called? | Igneous rocks | Page 42 |
| Which igneous rock forms below Earth’s surface? | Granite | Page 42 |
| Which rock type contains fossils? | Sedimentary rocks | Page 43 |
| Which process forms sedimentary rocks? | Consolidation | Page 43 |
| Which rocks form under heat and pressure? | Metamorphic rocks | Page 44 |
| Marble is formed from which rock? | Limestone | Page 44 |
| Quartzite is formed from which rock? | Sandstone | Page 44 |
| What is continuous transformation of rocks called? | Rock cycle | Page 45 |
| Which process breaks rocks into fragments? | Weathering | Page 45 |
| Slate is formed from which rock? | Shale | Page 44 |
| Which mineral property measures scratch resistance? | Hardness | Page 41 |
Assertion and Reason Questions
Question 1
Assertion (A): Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances.
Reason (R): Minerals possess definite chemical and physical properties.
Options:
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Page Reference: Page 40
Question 2
Assertion (A): Igneous rocks are called primary rocks.
Reason (R): Other rocks are ultimately derived from igneous rocks.
Options:
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Page Reference: Page 42
Question 3
Assertion (A): Sedimentary rocks often contain fossils.
Reason (R): Sediments accumulate in layers preserving remains of organisms.
Options:
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Page Reference: Page 43
Question 4
Assertion (A): Metamorphic rocks form under heat and pressure.
Reason (R): Existing rocks undergo physical and chemical changes.
Options:
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Page Reference: Page 44
Question 5
Assertion (A): Granite is an intrusive igneous rock.
Reason (R): Granite cools slowly beneath Earth’s surface.
Options:
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Page Reference: Page 42
Question 6
Assertion (A): Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock.
Reason (R): Basalt forms from rapid cooling of lava on Earth’s surface.
Options:
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Page Reference: Page 42
Question 7
Assertion (A): Rock cycle is a continuous process.
Reason (R): Rocks continuously transform from one type to another.
Options:
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Page Reference: Page 45
Important Exam-Based Concept Questions
Question 1
Explain the meaning and characteristics of minerals.
Page Reference: Page 40
Question 2
Discuss the important physical properties of minerals.
Page Reference: Page 40–41
Question 3
Explain the formation and characteristics of igneous rocks.
Page Reference: Page 42
Question 4
Differentiate between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks.
Page Reference: Page 42
Question 5
Explain the formation and characteristics of sedimentary rocks.
Page Reference: Page 43
Question 6
Discuss the importance of sedimentary rocks in geological studies.
Page Reference: Page 43
Question 7
Explain the formation and characteristics of metamorphic rocks.
Page Reference: Page 44
Question 8
Differentiate between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.
Page Reference: Page 42–44
Question 9
Explain the rock cycle with suitable examples.
Page Reference: Page 45
Question 10
Discuss the importance of rocks in soil formation.
Page Reference: Page 45
Question 11
Explain the role of heat and pressure in metamorphism.
Page Reference: Page 44
Question 12
Discuss how fossils are preserved in sedimentary rocks.
Page Reference: Page 43
Question 13
Explain the significance of granite and basalt in geology.
Page Reference: Page 42
Question 14
Describe the continuous transformation process involved in rock cycle.
Page Reference: Page 45
Question 15
Discuss the economic importance of minerals and rocks.
Page Reference: Page 40–45
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