Class 11 Economics Chapter 4 – Human Capital Formation in India Important Questions
Comprehensive Question Bank for CBSE Board, UPSC, CUET, and Competitive Examinations
Human Capital Formation in India is one of the most important chapters in NCERT Class 11 Economics for board exams and competitive examinations. These important questions include MCQs, one-word questions, assertion and reason questions, and descriptive conceptual questions covering all major NCERT concepts related to education, health, human resources, migration, human development and economic growth.
This question bank is highly useful for UPSC, CUET, SSC, Railway, PSC and school examinations. The questions are prepared directly from NCERT concepts, tables, facts, policies, educational statistics and government initiatives discussed in the chapter for complete revision and practice.
Table of Contents
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)
These MCQs from Human Capital Formation in India help students revise important NCERT concepts related to education, health, labour productivity, literacy, economic growth, migration and human development. The questions are useful for board exams and objective-type competitive examinations.
1. Human capital refers to:
2. Which of the following is the most important source of human capital formation?
3. Expenditure on health is considered:
4. Human capital formation increases:
5. Which among the following is NOT a source of human capital formation?
6. Firms spend on on-the-job training because:
7. Migration becomes a source of human capital formation because:
8. Which of the following is an example of preventive medicine?
9. Human capital is:
10. Physical capital creates:
11. Human capital creates:
12. Human capital depreciates mainly because of:
13. Economic growth refers to:
14. Which factor facilitates adaptation of new technologies?
15. Which Five Year Plan recognised the importance of human capital?
16. NEP 2020 highlights growing demand for:
17. Human development considers education and health as:
18. Human capital treats human beings as:
19. Which organisation facilitates technical education in India?
20. NCERT stands for:
21. UGC mainly relates to:
22. ICMR is associated with:
23. Education expenditure as percentage of GDP in 2020 was approximately:
24. The Education Commission recommended expenditure of at least:
25. Right to Education Act was enacted in:
26. Education cess levied by Government of India is:
27. Which state recorded highest per capita public expenditure on elementary education in 2020-21?
28. Literacy rate among females improved due to:
29. The Indian education pyramid is described as:
30. Highest unemployment is observed among:
31. Human capital formation helps:
32. Which of the following reflects educational achievement?
33. Human capital is inseparable from:
34. Which type of education expenditure receives the highest share?
35. Education stimulates:
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ONE-WORD / VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
These one-word and very short answer questions from Human Capital Formation in India are useful for quick revision of NCERT facts, concepts, organisations, policies, literacy indicators and educational statistics.
1. What is the acquired ability that enhances labour productivity called?
Answer: Human Capital
Page Reference: 60
2. Name the most important source of human capital formation.
Answer: Education
Page Reference: 60
3. Which expenditure improves labour productivity through better health?
Answer: Health Expenditure
Page Reference: 60-61
4. Which medicine includes vaccination?
Answer: Preventive Medicine
Page Reference: 61
5. Name the training provided by firms to workers while working.
Answer: On-the-job Training
Page Reference: 61
6. What is migration motivated by higher income opportunities called?
Answer: Migration
Page Reference: 61
7. Human capital is tangible or intangible?
Answer: Intangible
Page Reference: 62
8. Human capital creates private and ______ benefits.
Answer: Social
Page Reference: 62
9. Which Five Year Plan stressed human resource development?
Answer: Seventh Five Year Plan
Page Reference: 64
10. Expand NEP.
Answer: National Education Policy
Page Reference: 65
11. Which policy highlighted multidisciplinary learning?
Answer: NEP 2020
Page Reference: 65
12. Human development considers human beings as what?
Answer: Ends
Page Reference: 66
13. Expand NCERT.
Answer: National Council of Educational Research and Training
Page Reference: 67
14. Expand AICTE.
Answer: All India Council of Technical Education
Page Reference: 67
15. Expand UGC.
Answer: University Grants Commission
Page Reference: 67
16. Expand ICMR.
Answer: Indian Council for Medical Research
Page Reference: 67
17. Which Act made education a fundamental right?
Answer: Right to Education Act
Page Reference: 69
18. In which year was the Right to Education Act enacted?
Answer: 2009
Page Reference: 69
19. What percentage education cess was levied by the Government of India?
Answer: 2%
Page Reference: 69
20. Which state had highest per capita expenditure on elementary education in 2020-21?
Answer: Sikkim
Page Reference: 68
21. Which state had lowest per capita expenditure on elementary education in 2020-21?
Answer: Bihar
Page Reference: 68
22. What is the recommended education expenditure as percentage of GDP?
Answer: 6%
Page Reference: 69
23. Name the committee appointed in 1999 for universal elementary education expenditure estimation.
Answer: Tapas Majumdar Committee
Page Reference: 69
24. Which indicator measures educational achievement among adults?
Answer: Adult Literacy Rate
Page Reference: 70
25. Which indicator measures literacy among people aged 15-24?
Answer: Youth Literacy Rate
Page Reference: 70
26. Which country aims to become a knowledge economy through IT?
Answer: India
Page Reference: 66
27. Which organisation regulates higher education grants?
Answer: UGC
Page Reference: 67
28. Human capital formation improves labour ______.
Answer: Productivity
Page Reference: 63
29. Which sector receives the least share in education expenditure?
Answer: Tertiary Education
Page Reference: 68
30. Which survey reported unemployment among educated youth?
Answer: NSSO
Page Reference: 71
ASSERTION AND REASON QUESTIONS
These assertion and reason questions from Human Capital Formation in India are useful for board exams, CUET, UPSC and other competitive examinations. They test conceptual clarity and analytical understanding from NCERT.
Assertion (A): Education increases labour productivity.
Reason (R): Educated persons possess better skills and knowledge.
Options:
Assertion (A): Health expenditure is a source of human capital formation.
Reason (R): Healthy persons can work more efficiently.
Assertion (A): Human capital is tangible in nature.
Reason (R): Human capital is embodied in humans.
Assertion (A): Human capital creates social benefits.
Reason (R): Educated and healthy persons contribute to society.
Assertion (A): Human capital and economic growth are unrelated.
Reason (R): Education improves productivity and innovation.
Assertion (A): Human development treats humans as ends in themselves.
Reason (R): Human welfare is important irrespective of productivity gains.
Assertion (A): Government intervention in education is essential.
Reason (R): Consumers lack complete information about education quality.
Assertion (A): Education expenditure in India has always increased uniformly.
Reason (R): Government priorities remain unchanged every year.
Assertion (A): Elementary education receives the highest share in education expenditure.
Reason (R): Elementary education forms the foundation of literacy and schooling.
Assertion (A): India has achieved cent per cent literacy.
Reason (R): Free and compulsory education was guaranteed in the Constitution.
Assertion (A): Gender gap in literacy rates is narrowing in India.
Reason (R): Female education positively affects economic and social development.
Assertion (A): Educated youth unemployment is high in India.
Reason (R): Many institutions fail to provide employable skills.
Assertion (A): Human capital can be sold like physical capital.
Reason (R): Human capital is inseparable from its owner.
Assertion (A): Migration may contribute to human capital formation.
Reason (R): Migration often increases earning opportunities.
Assertion (A): NEP 2020 stresses multidisciplinary learning.
Reason (R): Future labour markets require multiple skills.
IMPORTANT EXAM-BASED CONCEPT QUESTIONS
These important conceptual and descriptive questions from Human Capital Formation in India are highly useful for board exams, UPSC, CUET, SSC, PSC and university entrance examinations.
- Explain the meaning of human capital formation. (Page Reference: 60)
- Differentiate between human capital and physical capital. (Page Reference: 62)
- Discuss the major sources of human capital formation in India. (Page Reference: 60-61)
- Explain how education contributes to economic growth. (Page Reference: 59, 63-64)
- Why is health considered an important source of human capital formation? (Page Reference: 60-61)
- Explain the role of on-the-job training in enhancing productivity. (Page Reference: 61)
- Discuss how migration contributes to human capital formation. (Page Reference: 61)
- Explain the importance of information in human capital formation. (Page Reference: 61)
- Analyse the relationship between human capital and economic growth. (Page Reference: 63-64)
- Explain the significance of NEP 2020 in human capital formation. (Page Reference: 65)
- Distinguish between human capital and human development. (Page Reference: 66)
- Why is government intervention necessary in education and health sectors? (Page Reference: 67)
- Explain the role of NCERT, UGC and AICTE in India’s education sector. (Page Reference: 67)
- Analyse trends in government expenditure on education in India. (Page Reference: 68-69)
- Why is expenditure on elementary education important? (Page Reference: 68)
- Discuss the recommendations of the Education Commission regarding education expenditure. (Page Reference: 69)
- Explain the importance of the Right to Education Act. (Page Reference: 69)
- Analyse educational achievements in India with reference to literacy rates. (Page Reference: 70)
- Explain the concept of gender equity in education. (Page Reference: 71)
- Why is higher unemployment observed among educated youth in India? (Page Reference: 71)
- Explain how human capital formation promotes innovation and technological advancement. (Page Reference: 64)
- Discuss India’s prospects as a knowledge economy. (Page Reference: 65-66)
- Explain why human capital creates external benefits. (Page Reference: 62)
- Analyse the problems of human capital formation in India. (Page Reference: 67-71)
- Explain why India still faces challenges in achieving universal education. (Page Reference: 70-71)
- Discuss the importance of women’s education in India. (Page Reference: 71)
- Explain the importance of educational infrastructure in India. (Page Reference: 69)
- Discuss the role of literacy in human development. (Page Reference: 66, 70-71)
- Explain the relationship between education and employability. (Page Reference: 71)
- Why should governments regulate fees in education and healthcare institutions? (Page Reference: 67)
- Discuss the economic and social benefits of human capital formation. (Page Reference: 71)
- Explain the statement: “Investment in human capital is growth enhancing.” (Page Reference: 72)
- How does education help individuals make better life choices? (Page Reference: 59)
- Explain the role of human capital in adapting to technological changes. (Page Reference: 59, 64)
- Discuss regional disparities in educational attainment in India. (Page Reference: 68)
IMPORTANT NCERT TABLE-BASED QUESTIONS
1. What was the real per capita income in India during 2018-22?
Answer: Rs 94,054
Page Reference: Table 4.1, Page 65
2. What was the crude death rate in 1951?
Answer: 25.1 per 1000 population
Page Reference: Table 4.1, Page 65
3. What was the infant mortality rate during 2018-22?
Answer: 28
Page Reference: Table 4.1, Page 65
4. What was the male literacy rate during 2018-22?
Answer: 78%
Page Reference: Table 4.1, Page 65
5. What was the female literacy rate during 2018-22?
Answer: 74%
Page Reference: Table 4.1, Page 65
6. What was the female youth literacy rate in 2017-18?
Answer: 90%
Page Reference: Table 4.2, Page 70
7. What was the male primary completion rate in 2017-18?
Answer: 93%
Page Reference: Table 4.2, Page 70
VERY IMPORTANT BOARD EXAM QUESTIONS
- Explain the concept and sources of human capital formation.
- Differentiate between human capital and human development.
- Explain the role of education in economic growth.
- Discuss the role of government in education and health sectors.
- Explain the importance of women’s education.
- Analyse the educational achievements and future prospects of India.
- Explain the significance of human capital in transforming India into a knowledge economy.
- Discuss the relationship between human capital and productivity.
- Explain the importance of health infrastructure in human capital formation.
- Why is investment in education considered essential for national development?
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