Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Geomorphic Processes Important Questions

Geomorphic Processes Important Questions

These Geomorphic Processes Important Questions cover important NCERT concepts related to geomorphic processes, weathering, mass movements, erosion, deposition and landform development.

The chapter-wise questions include MCQs, one-word questions, assertion and reason questions and analytical descriptive questions useful for UPSC, SSC, Railways, State PSC, CUET, CBSE board exams and competitive examinations.

NCERT Page Coverage: Page 50–55

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

These MCQs from Geomorphic Processes help students revise important concepts related to weathering, erosion, deposition and landform development.

MCQ 1

Geomorphic processes are mainly responsible for:

  • A. Atmospheric circulation only
  • B. Formation and modification of landforms
  • C. Ocean salinity only
  • D. Biological evolution only
Answer: B. Formation and modification of landforms

Page Reference: Page 50

MCQ 2

The forces originating within Earth are called:

  • A. Exogenic forces
  • B. Endogenic forces
  • C. Atmospheric forces
  • D. Hydrological forces
Answer: B. Endogenic forces

Page Reference: Page 50

MCQ 3

The forces operating on Earth’s surface are called:

  • A. Endogenic forces
  • B. Exogenic forces
  • C. Internal forces
  • D. Seismic forces only
Answer: B. Exogenic forces

Page Reference: Page 50

MCQ 4

Weathering refers to:

  • A. Transportation of sediments
  • B. Breaking down of rocks in situ
  • C. Volcanic eruption
  • D. Plate movement
Answer: B. Breaking down of rocks in situ

Page Reference: Page 51

MCQ 5

Mechanical weathering is also known as:

  • A. Chemical weathering
  • B. Physical weathering
  • C. Biological weathering
  • D. Organic weathering
Answer: B. Physical weathering

Page Reference: Page 51

MCQ 6

Which process causes rocks to break due to temperature changes?

  • A. Carbonation
  • B. Exfoliation
  • C. Hydration
  • D. Oxidation
Answer: B. Exfoliation

Page Reference: Page 52

MCQ 7

Chemical weathering involves:

  • A. Physical disintegration only
  • B. Chemical decomposition of rocks
  • C. Transportation of sediments
  • D. River erosion only
Answer: B. Chemical decomposition of rocks

Page Reference: Page 53

MCQ 8

Which process occurs when water reacts with minerals?

  • A. Oxidation
  • B. Hydration
  • C. Exfoliation
  • D. Abrasion
Answer: B. Hydration

Page Reference: Page 53

MCQ 9

Mass movement refers to:

  • A. Wind erosion only
  • B. Downward movement of rock debris under gravity
  • C. River transportation only
  • D. Ocean currents only
Answer: B. Downward movement of rock debris under gravity

Page Reference: Page 54

MCQ 10

The slow downward movement of soil on slopes is called:

  • A. Landslide
  • B. Rockfall
  • C. Soil creep
  • D. Avalanche
Answer: C. Soil creep

Page Reference: Page 54

MCQ 11

Rapid movement of rocks and debris down slopes is called:

  • A. Weathering
  • B. Landslide
  • C. Exfoliation
  • D. Hydration
Answer: B. Landslide

Page Reference: Page 54

MCQ 12

Running water is an important agent of:

  • A. Deposition only
  • B. Erosion and deposition
  • C. Volcanism only
  • D. Earthquake formation only
Answer: B. Erosion and deposition

Page Reference: Page 55

MCQ 13

Which process involves removal of weathered material?

  • A. Weathering
  • B. Erosion
  • C. Hydration
  • D. Folding
Answer: B. Erosion

Page Reference: Page 55

MCQ 14

Depositional landforms are formed due to:

  • A. Removal of sediments
  • B. Accumulation of sediments
  • C. Earthquakes only
  • D. Volcanic eruptions only
Answer: B. Accumulation of sediments

Page Reference: Page 55

MCQ 15

Biological weathering is caused by:

  • A. Temperature only
  • B. Water only
  • C. Plants and animals
  • D. Volcanoes only
Answer: C. Plants and animals

Page Reference: Page 53

MCQ 16

Oxidation mainly affects rocks containing:

  • A. Iron minerals
  • B. Quartz only
  • C. Gold only
  • D. Granite only
Answer: A. Iron minerals

Page Reference: Page 53

MCQ 17

Geomorphic processes continuously reshape:

  • A. Atmosphere only
  • B. Earth’s surface
  • C. Ocean chemistry only
  • D. Biosphere only
Answer: B. Earth’s surface

Page Reference: Page 50

MCQ 18

Which force is mainly responsible for mass movement?

  • A. Wind
  • B. Gravity
  • C. Temperature
  • D. Rainfall only
Answer: B. Gravity

Page Reference: Page 54

MCQ 19

The wearing away of Earth’s surface is known as:

  • A. Deposition
  • B. Erosion
  • C. Sedimentation
  • D. Folding
Answer: B. Erosion

Page Reference: Page 55

MCQ 20

Weathering contributes to:

  • A. Soil formation
  • B. Earthquake generation only
  • C. Plate tectonics only
  • D. Ocean salinity only
Answer: A. Soil formation

Page Reference: Page 51

One-Word / Very Short Answer Questions

Question Answer Page Reference
What processes shape Earth’s surface? Geomorphic processes Page 50
What are internal Earth forces called? Endogenic forces Page 50
What are surface forces called? Exogenic forces Page 50
What is breakdown of rocks in situ called? Weathering Page 51
What is another name for mechanical weathering? Physical weathering Page 51
Which process breaks rocks due to temperature changes? Exfoliation Page 52
Which weathering involves chemical decomposition? Chemical weathering Page 53
Which process occurs when water reacts with minerals? Hydration Page 53
What is downward movement of debris under gravity called? Mass movement Page 54
What is slow movement of soil down slopes called? Soil creep Page 54
What is rapid movement of rocks down slopes called? Landslide Page 54
Which process removes weathered materials? Erosion Page 55
Which process accumulates sediments? Deposition Page 55
Which weathering is caused by plants and animals? Biological weathering Page 53
Which force mainly causes mass movement? Gravity Page 54

Assertion and Reason Questions

Question 1

Assertion (A): Geomorphic processes continuously modify Earth’s surface.

Reason (R): Endogenic and exogenic forces operate simultaneously.

Options:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
  • C. A is true but R is false
  • D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A

Page Reference: Page 50

Question 2

Assertion (A): Weathering occurs in situ.

Reason (R): Rocks disintegrate and decompose without transportation.

Options:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
  • C. A is true but R is false
  • D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A

Page Reference: Page 51

Question 3

Assertion (A): Exfoliation is a type of mechanical weathering.

Reason (R): Temperature changes cause outer rock layers to peel off.

Options:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
  • C. A is true but R is false
  • D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A

Page Reference: Page 52

Question 4

Assertion (A): Chemical weathering changes mineral composition of rocks.

Reason (R): Chemical reactions occur between minerals and water or gases.

Options:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
  • C. A is true but R is false
  • D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A

Page Reference: Page 53

Question 5

Assertion (A): Mass movement mainly occurs due to gravity.

Reason (R): Weathered materials move downward along slopes.

Options:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
  • C. A is true but R is false
  • D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A

Page Reference: Page 54

Question 6

Assertion (A): Running water causes both erosion and deposition.

Reason (R): Rivers transport and deposit sediments at different locations.

Options:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
  • C. A is true but R is false
  • D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A

Page Reference: Page 55

Question 7

Assertion (A): Weathering contributes to soil formation.

Reason (R): Rocks break down into smaller particles over time.

Options:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
  • C. A is true but R is false
  • D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A

Page Reference: Page 51

Important Exam-Based Concept Questions

Question 1

Explain the meaning and significance of geomorphic processes.

Page Reference: Page 50

Question 2

Differentiate between endogenic and exogenic forces.

Page Reference: Page 50

Question 3

Explain the concept and types of weathering.

Page Reference: Page 51

Question 4

Discuss the process of mechanical weathering with examples.

Page Reference: Page 51–52

Question 5

Explain the different types of chemical weathering.

Page Reference: Page 53

Question 6

Discuss the role of biological weathering in landform development.

Page Reference: Page 53

Question 7

Explain the meaning and causes of mass movement.

Page Reference: Page 54

Question 8

Differentiate between soil creep and landslides.

Page Reference: Page 54

Question 9

Explain the role of gravity in geomorphic processes.

Page Reference: Page 54

Question 10

Discuss the processes of erosion and deposition.

Page Reference: Page 55

Question 11

Explain how running water acts as an erosional agent.

Page Reference: Page 55

Question 12

Discuss the contribution of weathering to soil formation.

Page Reference: Page 51

Question 13

Explain the importance of geomorphic processes in shaping Earth’s surface.

Page Reference: Page 50–55

Question 14

Discuss the relationship between weathering and erosion.

Page Reference: Page 51–55

Question 15

Explain how geomorphic processes continuously reshape landscapes.

Page Reference: Page 50–55

Share