This page provides complete NCERT Class 11 Fundamentals of Physical Geography Chapter 10 questions, including MCQs, one-word and descriptive questions. All questions are extracted line-by-line from NCERT for full syllabus coverage and exam preparation.
Key concepts like saturation and dew point (the temperature at which air becomes saturated) are introduced. The chapter explains the processes that change water’s state: Evaporation (liquid to vapour, driven by heat) and Condensation (vapour to liquid/solid, caused by cooling).
Condensation requires hygroscopic nuclei (like dust or salt particles) and leads to various forms: Dew (on cold surfaces above freezing), Frost (below freezing), Fog/Mist (cloud at ground level), and Clouds.
Clouds are classified into four basic types:Cirrus (high, wispy), Cumulus (middling, fluffy), Stratus (layered), and Nimbus (dark, rain-bearing):which combine to form other varieties. When condensed particles grow heavy enough to overcome air resistance, they fall as Precipitation.
This includes rainfall, snowfall, sleet (frozen raindrops), and hail (layered ice pellets). Rainfall is categorized by its origin: Convectional (from heated rising air), Orographic/Relief (from air forced up mountain slopes, creating wet windward sides and dry rain-shadow leeward areas), and Cyclonic/Frontal.
The chapter concludes with the world distribution of rainfall, outlining patterns based on latitude, proximity to coasts, and prevailing winds, identifying regions from heavy equatorial rainfall to arid rain-shadow and high-latitude zones.
Get MCQs, One-Liners, Descriptive and Assertion & Reason based questions and answers mapped to exact page numbers. Designed for effortless memorization for Boards & Civil Services.
Get MCQs, One-Liners, Descriptive and Assertion & Reason based questions and answers mapped to exact page numbers. Designed for effortless memorization for Boards & Civil Services.
What is the term for the actual amount of water vapour present in a unit volume of air? (Pg. 1)
The main cause for the process of evaporation is: (Pg. 1)
Condensation in free air results from cooling around small particles known as: (Pg. 1)
What is deposited when condensation occurs on cooler solid surfaces with dew point above freezing? (Pg. 2)
What is a cloud with its base at or very near the ground called? (Pg. 2)
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Which clouds are thin, detached, feathery, and formed at very high altitudes (8,000-12,000m)? (Pg. 2)
Which clouds are black or dark gray, very dense, and opaque? (Pg. 2-3)
What is precipitation in the form of fine flakes of snow called? (Pg. 3)
On the basis of origin, how many main types of rainfall are identified? (Pg. 3)
Which slope of a mountain receives greater rainfall in orographic precipitation? (Pg. 4)
Which regions receive heavy rainfall of over 200 cm per annum? (Pg. 4)
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(Exercise) Which one of the following processes is responsible for transforming liquid into vapour? (Pg. 5)
(Exercise) The air that contains moisture to its full capacity is called: (Pg. 5)
(Exercise) Which one of the following is the highest cloud in the sky? (Pg. 5)
The percentage of moisture present compared to the air’s full capacity at a given temperature is called ______ humidity. (Pg. 1) Page 86
The transformation of water vapour into water is called ______. (Pg. 1) Page 86
The most favourable condition for condensation is the ______ in air temperature. (Pg. 1-2) Page 86-87
When condensation takes place below freezing point, forming minute ice crystals, it is called ______. (Pg. 2) Page 87
Clouds are masses of minute water droplets or ice crystals formed by the ______ of water vapour in free air. (Pg. 2) Page 87
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Cumulus clouds look like ______ and have a flat base. (Pg. 2) Page 87
Layered clouds covering large portions of the sky are called ______ clouds. (Pg. 2) Page 87
Frozen raindrops or refrozen melted snow-water that falls as small ice pellets is called ______. (Pg. 3) Page 88
Rainfall caused when heated air rises, expands, cools, and condenses is called ______ rain. (Pg. 3) Page 88
The area on the leeward side of a mountain that gets less rainfall is known as the ______ area. (Pg. 4) Page 89
Areas in high latitudes and rain-shadow zones receive very low rainfall, less than ______ cm per annum. (Pg. 4) Page 89
(Exercise) The three types of precipitation are rain, snow, and ______. (Pg. 5) Page 90
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