Comparative Development Experiences of India and Its Neighbours is an important chapter in NCERT Class 11 Economics that compares the developmental strategies and economic performance of India, China and Pakistan. The chapter explains economic reforms, demographic indicators, sectoral growth, GDP trends, human development indicators and development strategies followed by these countries.
This chapter is highly important for school exams, CUET, UPSC, SSC, PSC and other competitive examinations.
Table of Contents
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)
1. Which countries are compared in this chapter?
A. India, USA and China
B. India, China and Pakistan
C. India, Nepal and Bhutan
D. China, Japan and Korea
Correct Answer: B
Page Reference: 134-135
2. SAARC is an example of:
A. Military alliance
B. Economic and regional grouping
C. Religious organisation
D. Banking institution
Correct Answer: B
Page Reference: 135
3. India became independent in:
A. 1945
B. 1946
C. 1947
D. 1949
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 135
4. People’s Republic of China was established in:
A. 1947
B. 1948
C. 1949
D. 1950
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 135
5. China announced its First Five Year Plan in:
A. 1951
B. 1953
C. 1956
D. 1960
Correct Answer: B
Page Reference: 136
6. Pakistan announced its first Five Year Plan in:
A. 1951
B. 1953
C. 1956
D. 1965
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 136
7. The Great Leap Forward campaign was initiated in:
A. 1949
B. 1953
C. 1958
D. 1966
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 136
8. The Great Leap Forward aimed at:
A. Agricultural stagnation
B. Industrialising China on a massive scale
C. Privatisation
D. Banking reforms
Correct Answer: B
Page Reference: 136
9. Under the Commune system in China:
A. Land was privately owned
B. Collective farming was practised
C. Agriculture was banned
D. Only industries were promoted
Correct Answer: B
Page Reference: 136
10. Which revolution was introduced by Mao during 1966–76?
A. Green Revolution
B. White Revolution
C. Cultural Revolution
D. Industrial Revolution
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 136
11. China introduced economic reforms in:
A. 1965
B. 1970
C. 1978
D. 1991
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 136
12. China introduced Special Economic Zones mainly to:
A. Reduce exports
B. Attract foreign investment
C. Ban industries
D. Increase taxes
Correct Answer: B
Page Reference: 137
13. Pakistan follows:
A. Socialist economy
B. Command economy
C. Mixed economy
D. Capitalist dictatorship
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 137
14. Green Revolution in Pakistan led to:
A. Decline in production
B. Mechanisation and increase in foodgrain production
C. Industrial shutdown
D. Population decline
Correct Answer: B
Page Reference: 137
15. Pakistan initiated reforms in:
A. 1978
B. 1988
C. 1991
D. 2000
Correct Answer: B
Page Reference: 138
16. Which country has the highest population among the three?
A. Pakistan
B. India
C. China
D. All equal
Correct Answer: B
Page Reference: 138
17. Which country has the lowest population growth rate?
A. India
B. Pakistan
C. China
D. Bangladesh
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 138
18. The one-child norm was introduced in:
A. India
B. Pakistan
C. China
D. Nepal
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 138
19. Which country has the highest fertility rate?
A. India
B. China
C. Pakistan
D. Sri Lanka
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 138
20. Urbanisation is highest in:
A. India
B. Pakistan
C. China
D. Nepal
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 138
21. China has the second largest GDP (PPP) in the world at approximately:
A. $5 trillion
B. $10 trillion
C. $35 trillion
D. $50 trillion
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 139
22. India’s GDP (PPP) is approximately:
A. $1 trillion
B. $5 trillion
C. $15 trillion
D. $30 trillion
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 139
23. Pakistan’s GDP is roughly what percentage of India’s GDP?
A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 25%
D. 50%
Correct Answer: B
Page Reference: 139
24. Which sector contributes the highest share to GDP in all three countries?
A. Agriculture
B. Industry
C. Services
D. Mining
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 141
25. China followed the classical development pattern of:
A. Agriculture → Services → Industry
B. Agriculture → Industry → Services
C. Industry → Agriculture → Services
D. Services → Agriculture → Industry
Correct Answer: B
Page Reference: 141
26. India’s growth is mainly contributed by:
A. Agriculture sector
B. Manufacturing sector
C. Service sector
D. Mining sector
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 142
27. China’s growth is mainly contributed by:
A. Agriculture only
B. Manufacturing and service sectors
C. Tourism only
D. Public sector only
Correct Answer: B
Page Reference: 142
28. HDI stands for:
A. Human Development Index
B. Human Distribution Indicator
C. High Development Index
D. Human Demographic Index
Correct Answer: A
Page Reference: 142
29. Which country ranks highest in HDI among the three?
A. India
B. Pakistan
C. China
D. All equal
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 142
30. Which country has the highest life expectancy?
A. India
B. China
C. Pakistan
D. Nepal
Correct Answer: B
Page Reference: 142
31. Which country has the highest maternal mortality rate?
A. India
B. China
C. Pakistan
D. Sri Lanka
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 142-143
32. Which country has the lowest infant mortality rate?
A. India
B. Pakistan
C. China
D. Bangladesh
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 142
33. Which country has the highest GNI per capita?
A. India
B. Pakistan
C. China
D. Nepal
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 142
34. China introduced reforms because:
A. IMF forced reforms
B. Leadership was dissatisfied with slow growth
C. Agriculture collapsed completely
D. Foreign aid stopped
Correct Answer: B
Page Reference: 143-144
35. Which organisation compelled India and Pakistan to introduce reforms?
A. SAARC
B. ASEAN
C. IMF and World Bank
D. WTO
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 144
36. China retained:
A. Complete privatisation of land
B. Collective ownership of land
C. Abolition of farming
D. No public intervention
Correct Answer: B
Page Reference: 146
37. Political instability is identified as a major issue in:
A. India
B. China
C. Pakistan
D. Nepal
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 146
38. Which country used “market system without losing political commitment”?
A. India
B. Pakistan
C. China
D. Bangladesh
Correct Answer: C
Page Reference: 146
Looking for the other chapters questions to revise ?
NCERT Class 11 Economics Chapter 7 Environment and Sustainable Development Important Questions
NCERT Class 11 Economics Chapter 5 Rural Development Important Questions and Answers
NCERT Class 11 Economics Chapter 4 Human Capital Formation in India Important Questions and MCQs
NCERT Class 11 Economics Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950–1990 Important Questions with Answers
ONE-WORD / VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
| # | Question | Answer | Page Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Name the regional grouping discussed in the chapter. | SAARC | 135 |
| 2 | In which year did China announce its First Five Year Plan? | 1953 | 136 |
| 3 | What was the Chinese campaign launched in 1958 called? | Great Leap Forward | 136 |
| 4 | What system involved collective cultivation in China? | Commune system | 136 |
| 5 | In which year did China initiate reforms? | 1978 | 136 |
| 6 | Expand SOEs. | State Owned Enterprises | 137 |
| 7 | Which zones were created to attract foreign investors in China? | Special Economic Zones | 137 |
| 8 | Which country follows a mixed economy model? | Pakistan | 137 |
| 9 | Which country introduced one-child norm? | China | 138 |
| 10 | Which country has the highest fertility rate? | Pakistan | 138 |
| 11 | Which country has the highest urbanisation? | China | 138 |
| 12 | Which sector contributes the highest share to GDP? | Service sector | 141 |
| 13 | Which sector mainly drives India’s growth? | Service sector | 142 |
| 14 | Which sector mainly drives China’s growth? | Manufacturing sector | 142 |
| 15 | What does HDI stand for? | Human Development Index | 142 |
| 16 | Which country has the highest HDI rank among the three? | China | 142 |
| 17 | Which country has the lowest infant mortality rate? | China | 142 |
| 18 | Which country has the highest maternal mortality rate? | Pakistan | 142 |
| 19 | Which institutions compelled India and Pakistan to adopt reforms? | IMF and World Bank | 144 |
| 20 | Which country retained collective ownership of land? | China | 146 |
ASSERTION AND REASON QUESTIONS
Question 1
Assertion (A): Developing countries try to understand neighbouring economies.
Reason (R): Globalisation has increased economic competition among nations.
Correct Option: A
Page Reference: 135
Question 2
Assertion (A): India, China and Pakistan started development planning around the same period.
Reason (R): All three countries adopted planned development strategies.
Correct Option: A
Page Reference: 135-136
Question 3
Assertion (A): Great Leap Forward aimed at rapid industrialisation.
Reason (R): China encouraged people to establish industries in backyards.
Correct Option: A
Page Reference: 136
Question 4
Assertion (A): China introduced reforms in phases.
Reason (R): Reforms first focused on agriculture and later on industries.
Correct Option: A
Page Reference: 136-137
Question 5
Assertion (A): Special Economic Zones were established in China.
Reason (R): China wanted to attract foreign investment.
Correct Option: A
Page Reference: 137
Question 6
Assertion (A): Pakistan’s Green Revolution increased foodgrain production.
Reason (R): Mechanisation and public investment improved agriculture.
Correct Option: A
Page Reference: 137
Question 7
Assertion (A): China’s population growth rate is lower than India and Pakistan.
Reason (R): China introduced the one-child norm.
Correct Option: A
Page Reference: 138
Question 8
Assertion (A): Urbanisation is highest in China.
Reason (R): China experienced rapid industrialisation and structural change.
Correct Option: A
Page Reference: 138-141
Question 9
Assertion (A): Service sector contributes highest share to GDP in all three countries.
Reason (R): Service sector has emerged as a major engine of growth.
Correct Option: A
Page Reference: 141
Question 10
Assertion (A): China followed the classical development path.
Reason (R): Workforce shifted gradually from agriculture to industry and services.
Correct Option: A
Page Reference: 141
Question 11
Assertion (A): India’s growth is mainly driven by services.
Reason (R): India shifted directly from agriculture to service sector.
Correct Option: A
Page Reference: 141-142
Question 12
Assertion (A): China performs better in most human development indicators.
Reason (R): China invested in health, education and infrastructure before reforms.
Correct Option: A
Page Reference: 143-144
Question 13
Assertion (A): China was not forced by IMF and World Bank to introduce reforms.
Reason (R): Chinese leadership itself was dissatisfied with slow growth.
Correct Option: A
Page Reference: 143-144
Question 14
Assertion (A): Pakistan experienced slowdown and re-emergence of poverty.
Reason (R): Economic growth depended heavily on volatile agriculture and remittances.
Correct Option: A
Page Reference: 144-146
Question 15
Assertion (A): China retained collective ownership of land.
Reason (R): It ensured social security in rural areas.
Correct Option: A
Page Reference: 146
IMPORTANT EXAM-ORIENTED CONCEPT QUESTIONS
- Why are regional and economic groupings formed? (Page Reference: 135)
- Explain the similarities in developmental strategies of India, China and Pakistan. (Page Reference: 135-136)
- Discuss the Great Leap Forward campaign of China. (Page Reference: 136)
- Explain China’s commune system. (Page Reference: 136)
- Analyse the phases of China’s economic reforms. (Page Reference: 136-137)
- Explain the importance of Special Economic Zones in China. (Page Reference: 137)
- Discuss Pakistan’s developmental strategies after independence. (Page Reference: 137-138)
- Explain the impact of Green Revolution in Pakistan. (Page Reference: 137)
- Compare the demographic indicators of India, China and Pakistan. (Page Reference: 138)
- Explain the implications of the one-child norm in China. (Page Reference: 138)
- Compare GDP growth trends of India, China and Pakistan. (Page Reference: 139)
- Explain the sectoral contribution to GDP in India, China and Pakistan. (Page Reference: 140-141)
- Why is China considered an industrial economy? (Page Reference: 141-142)
- Explain why India’s growth is mainly service-sector driven. (Page Reference: 141-142)
- Compare the human development indicators of India, China and Pakistan. (Page Reference: 142-143)
- Explain the meaning and importance of liberty indicators. (Page Reference: 143)
- Analyse the reasons behind China’s rapid economic growth. (Page Reference: 143-144)
- Why did China introduce reforms in 1978? (Page Reference: 143-144)
- Explain the reasons for Pakistan’s economic slowdown. (Page Reference: 144-145)
- Discuss the role of agriculture in Pakistan’s economy. (Page Reference: 144-145)
- Explain the significance of remittances in Pakistan’s economy. (Page Reference: 145)
- Analyse the comparative development experiences of India and China. (Page Reference: 145-146)
- Explain the major developmental achievements of China. (Page Reference: 146)
- Discuss the major developmental challenges faced by India. (Page Reference: 146)
- Explain how political instability affected Pakistan’s economy. (Page Reference: 146)
- Why is China ahead in human development indicators? (Page Reference: 146)
- Explain the role of public intervention in China’s development. (Page Reference: 146)
- Discuss the importance of reforms in economic development. (Page Reference: 143-146)
- Compare the economic reforms of India, China and Pakistan. (Page Reference: 143-146)
- Evaluate the development strategies of India and its neighbours. (Page Reference: 146)
DATA-BASED AND FACTUAL QUESTIONS
| # | Question | Answer | Page Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What was India’s estimated population during 2021–23? | 1428 million | 138 |
| 2 | What was China’s estimated population during 2021–23? | 1411 million | 138 |
| 3 | What was Pakistan’s estimated population during 2021–23? | 240 million | 138 |
| 4 | Which country had negative population growth? | China | 138 |
| 5 | What is India’s population density? | 473 persons per sq. km | 138 |
| 6 | What is China’s fertility rate? | 1.2 | 138 |
| 7 | What percentage of India’s population lives in urban areas? | 36% | 138 |
| 8 | What was China’s GDP (PPP)? | $35 trillion | 139 |
| 9 | What was India’s GDP (PPP)? | $15 trillion | 139 |
| 10 | What percentage of China’s GDP is India’s GDP? | About 42% | 139 |
| 11 | What percentage of workforce in India works in agriculture? | 43% | 140-141 |
| 12 | What percentage of workforce in China works in agriculture? | 23% | 140 |
| 13 | What percentage of China’s GVA comes from industry? | 38% | 141 |
| 14 | What percentage of India’s GVA comes from services? | 54% | 141 |
| 15 | What is China’s HDI value? | 0.797 | 142 |
| 16 | What is India’s HDI rank? | 130 | 142 |
| 17 | What is Pakistan’s HDI rank? | 168 | 142 |
| 18 | What is China’s life expectancy? | 78 years | 142 |
| 19 | What is India’s infant mortality rate? | 25.5 per 1000 live births | 142 |
| 20 | What is Pakistan’s maternal mortality rate? | 154 per 1 lakh births | 142 |
VERY IMPORTANT BOARD EXAM QUESTIONS
- Compare the development strategies of India, China and Pakistan.
- Explain the Great Leap Forward campaign of China.
- Discuss China’s reforms and their impact on economic growth.
- Explain Pakistan’s developmental path after independence.
- Compare the demographic indicators of India, China and Pakistan.
- Analyse the GDP growth trends of India, China and Pakistan.
- Compare the sectoral contribution towards GDP in India, China and Pakistan.
- Explain why China’s growth is manufacturing-led while India’s growth is service-led.
- Compare the human development indicators of India, China and Pakistan.
- Explain the concept of liberty indicators.
- Analyse the reasons for China’s success in economic development.
- Explain the reasons behind Pakistan’s economic slowdown.
- Discuss the role of reforms in China’s rapid growth.
- Compare India and China with respect to human development.
- Evaluate the developmental experiences of India and its neighbours.
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