Table of Contents
- 1. Chapter Overview
- 2. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
- 3. One-Word / Very Short Answer Questions
- 4. Assertion and Reason Questions
- 5. Important Exam-Based Concept Questions
- 6. Facts, Figures and Exam Data
- 7. Direct NCERT Book-Back Questions
- 8. Very Important Revision Points
Transport and Communication is one of the most important chapters in Human Geography because it explains how movement of people, goods, services and information connects different regions of the world. The chapter covers transport networks, roads, railways, waterways, air transport, pipelines, satellite communication and cyberspace. This question bank includes MCQs, one-word questions, assertion and reason questions and important descriptive questions for complete NCERT-based revision.
These questions are highly useful for CBSE Board Exams, CUET, UPSC, SSC, State PSC, Railways and other competitive examinations. Important concepts such as trans-continental railways, major sea routes, canals, airways, pipelines and modern communication systems are frequently asked in examinations. Based strictly on NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 – Transport and Communication.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)
These MCQs cover transport networks, roads, railways, waterways, air transport, pipelines, satellite communication, internet and global communication systems discussed in the NCERT chapter.
1. Transport provides:
A. Agricultural production
B. Network of links and carriers
C. Mining facilities
D. Irrigation systems
Page Reference: 54
2. Which of the following is not a principal mode of transportation?
A. Land
B. Water
C. Air
D. Plantation
Page Reference: 54-55
3. Pipelines mainly transport:
A. Passengers
B. Petroleum and natural gas
C. Livestock
D. Food grains
Page Reference: 54
4. A transport network consists of:
A. Ports and airports
B. Nodes and links
C. Roads and bridges
D. Railways and highways
Page Reference: 54
5. Which mode is most suitable for bulky materials over long distances within a country?
A. Airways
B. Roadways
C. Railways
D. Ropeways
Page Reference: 55
6. Which mode is best suited for high-value and perishable goods?
A. Roadways
B. Airways
C. Waterways
D. Pipelines
Page Reference: 55
7. The first public railway line was opened in:
A. 1750
B. 1800
C. 1825
D. 1857
Page Reference: 55
8. The first public railway line connected:
A. London and Paris
B. Stockton and Darlington
C. Moscow and St. Petersburg
D. Berlin and Munich
Page Reference: 55
9. Which animal is commonly used for caravan movement in deserts?
A. Horse
B. Mule
C. Camel
D. Reindeer
Page Reference: 55
10. Which animal is preferred in mountainous regions?
A. Camel
B. Mule
C. Dog
D. Bullock
Page Reference: 55
11. Road transport is most economical for:
A. Long distances
B. International trade
C. Short distances
D. Heavy freight only
Page Reference: 56
12. Which continent accounts for about 33% of the world’s motorable roads?
A. Asia
B. Europe
C. North America
D. Africa
Page Reference: 56
13. Traffic congestion generally occurs when:
A. Population decreases
B. Road network cannot cope with demand
C. Railways increase
D. Airports expand
Page Reference: 56
14. Highways are generally:
A. Unmetalled roads
B. Narrow roads
C. Metalled roads connecting distant places
D. Village roads
Page Reference: 56
15. The Golden Quadrilateral connects:
A. Four ports
B. Four metropolitan cities of India
C. Four states
D. Four rivers
Page Reference: 57
16. Border roads are important for:
A. Tourism only
B. Defence and integration
C. Agriculture
D. Mining
Page Reference: 57
17. The standard railway gauge is mainly used in:
A. Russia
B. India
C. China
D. United Kingdom
Page Reference: 57
18. Which country has the highest railway density?
A. Russia
B. Belgium
C. Canada
D. China
Page Reference: 57
19. Channel Tunnel connects:
A. London and Berlin
B. Paris and Berlin
C. London and Paris
D. Rome and Paris
Page Reference: 57
20. Which country accounts for about 90% of transport through railways?
A. India
B. China
C. Russia
D. Canada
Page Reference: 58
21. The Trans-Siberian Railway is located in:
A. Canada
B. Russia
C. Australia
D. U.S.A.
Page Reference: 58-59
22. The longest trans-continental railway in the world is:
A. Trans-Canadian Railway
B. Orient Express
C. Trans-Siberian Railway
D. Union Pacific Railway
Page Reference: 59
23. The length of the Trans-Siberian Railway is:
A. 7,050 km
B. 8,500 km
C. 9,332 km
D. 10,000 km
Page Reference: 59
24. The Trans-Canadian Railway runs between:
A. Montreal and Toronto
B. Halifax and Vancouver
C. Ottawa and Calgary
D. Quebec and Winnipeg
Page Reference: 59
25. Which railway connects New York to San Francisco?
A. Orient Express
B. Trans-Siberian
C. Union and Pacific Railway
D. Australian Railway
Page Reference: 59
26. Water transport is cheaper because:
A. Water is free
B. Friction is less
C. Ships are smaller
D. Fuel is cheaper
Page Reference: 60
27. Which is the busiest sea route in the world?
A. North Pacific Route
B. Southern Atlantic Route
C. North Atlantic Route
D. Cape Route
Page Reference: 62
28. The Big Trunk Route refers to:
A. North Atlantic Sea Route
B. Mediterranean Route
C. Pacific Route
D. Cape Route
Page Reference: 62
29. Which canal greatly reduced travel distance between Europe and Asia?
A. Panama Canal
B. Kiel Canal
C. Suez Canal
D. Corinth Canal
Page Reference: 62-63
30. The Suez Canal was constructed in:
A. 1800
B. 1857
C. 1869
D. 1905
Page Reference: 63
31. The Suez Canal links:
A. Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
B. Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea
C. Black Sea and Caspian Sea
D. Baltic Sea and North Sea
Page Reference: 63
32. Panama Canal connects:
A. Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
B. Mediterranean and Red Seas
C. Arctic and Atlantic Oceans
D. Indian and Pacific Oceans
Page Reference: 63
33. Panama Canal shortens distance between New York and San Francisco by:
A. 5,000 km
B. 8,000 km
C. 10,000 km
D. 13,000 km
Page Reference: 64
34. Which inland waterway is the world’s most heavily used?
A. Danube
B. Rhine
C. Volga
D. Mississippi
Page Reference: 65
35. The Rhine Waterway connects industrial regions with:
A. Pacific Ocean
B. Arctic Ocean
C. North Atlantic Sea Route
D. Mediterranean Sea
Page Reference: 65
36. The Volga River drains into:
A. Black Sea
B. Caspian Sea
C. Mediterranean Sea
D. Baltic Sea
Page Reference: 65
37. Air transport is preferred because it is:
A. Cheapest
B. Slowest
C. Fastest
D. Simplest
Page Reference: 66
38. U.S.A. accounts for approximately what percentage of world airways?
A. 30%
B. 40%
C. 50%
D. 60%
Page Reference: 66
39. Big Inch pipeline is famous in:
A. India
B. Russia
C. U.S.A.
D. China
Page Reference: 67
40. Big Inch pipeline transports:
A. LPG
B. Milk
C. Petroleum
D. Water
Page Reference: 69
41. OFC stands for:
A. Optical Fibre Cable
B. Optic Fiber Cable
C. Optical Flow Communication
D. Optical Frequency Cable
Page Reference: 67-68
42. Aryabhatt satellite was launched in:
A. 1972
B. 1975
C. 1979
D. 1981
Page Reference: 68
43. Bhaskar-I was launched in:
A. 1975
B. 1978
C. 1979
D. 1980
Page Reference: 68
44. Rohini satellite was launched in:
A. 1978
B. 1979
C. 1980
D. 1981
Page Reference: 68
45. APPLE satellite was launched on:
A. 19 April 1975
B. 19 June 1981
C. 1 January 1980
D. 15 August 1982
Page Reference: 68
46. Cyberspace refers to:
A. Outer space
B. Physical communication network
C. Electronic digital world
D. Satellite orbit
Page Reference: 68
47. Internet users worldwide in 2023 were approximately:
A. 2 billion
B. 3 billion
C. 4 billion
D. 5.4 billion
Page Reference: 68
Looking for other chapters ?
International Trade
Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Secondary Activities
Primary Activities
Human Development
The World Population: Distribution, Density and Growth
Human Geography: Nature and Scope
ONE-WORD / VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
| # | Question | Answer Section |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | What are meeting points in a transport network called? | Nodes (Page 54) |
| 2 | What are routes connecting nodes called? | Links (Page 54) |
| 3 | Which transport mode carries petroleum and natural gas? | Pipelines (Page 54) |
| 4 | Which animal is used in deserts for transport? | Camel (Page 55) |
| 5 | Which animal is preferred in mountains? | Mule (Page 55) |
| 6 | Name the first public railway route. | Stockton–Darlington (Page 55) |
| 7 | What is the world’s busiest sea route called? | Big Trunk Route (Page 62) |
| 8 | Which canal connects the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea? | Suez Canal (Page 63) |
| 9 | Which canal connects Atlantic and Pacific Oceans? | Panama Canal (Page 63) |
| 10 | Which river waterway is the world’s most heavily used? | Rhine (Page 65) |
| 11 | Into which sea does the Volga drain? | Caspian Sea (Page 65) |
| 12 | Which is the fastest means of transport? | Air Transport (Page 66) |
| 13 | Which famous pipeline transports petroleum in the USA? | Big Inch (Page 67) |
| 14 | What does OFC stand for? | Optic Fiber Cable (Page 67) |
| 15 | Which Indian satellite was launched in 1975? | Aryabhatt (Page 68) |
| 16 | What is the digital world of communication called? | Cyberspace (Page 68) |
| 17 | What does WWW stand for? | World Wide Web (Page 68) |
| 18 | Which communication network connects over 100 countries? | Internet (Page 68) |
ASSERTION AND REASON QUESTIONS
Question 1
Assertion (A): Transport links producing and consuming centres.
Reason (R): Resources and markets are rarely located in one place.
Page Reference: 54
Question 2
Assertion (A): Railways are suitable for bulky goods over long distances.
Reason (R): Railways have high carrying capacity.
Page Reference: 55
Question 3
Assertion (A): Road transport is economical for short distances.
Reason (R): It provides door-to-door services.
Page Reference: 56
Question 4
Assertion (A): Traffic congestion occurs in many cities.
Reason (R): Road networks often fail to meet increasing traffic demand.
Page Reference: 56
Question 5
Assertion (A): Border roads are strategically important.
Reason (R): They support defence and remote area connectivity.
Page Reference: 57
Question 6
Assertion (A): Belgium has the highest railway density.
Reason (R): Europe possesses one of the densest rail networks.
Page Reference: 57
Question 7
Assertion (A): Trans-Siberian Railway is economically significant.
Reason (R): It connects Asian Russia with European markets.
Page Reference: 59
Question 8
Assertion (A): Water transport is cheaper than land transport.
Reason (R): Friction of water is less than friction of land.
Page Reference: 60
Question 9
Assertion (A): The North Atlantic Route is the busiest sea route.
Reason (R): One-fourth of world foreign trade moves through it.
Page Reference: 62
Question 10
Assertion (A): Suez Canal is more important than the Cape Route.
Reason (R): It significantly reduces distance and travel time.
Page Reference: 62-63
Question 11
Assertion (A): Air transport is the fastest means of transport.
Reason (R): It can connect inaccessible regions quickly.
Page Reference: 66
Question 12
Assertion (A): Pipelines ensure uninterrupted flow of liquids and gases.
Reason (R): Pipelines are extensively used for petroleum and natural gas.
Page Reference: 66-67
Question 13
Assertion (A): Satellite communication has reduced the significance of distance.
Reason (R): Communication costs become nearly distance-invariant.
Page Reference: 68
Question 14
Assertion (A): Cyberspace requires physical movement of sender and receiver.
Reason (R): Communication occurs through electronic networks.
Page Reference: 68
Question 15
Assertion (A): Internet has contributed to the concept of a global village.
Reason (R): It enables rapid global communication and information exchange.
Page Reference: 68
IMPORTANT EXAM-BASED CONCEPT QUESTIONS
-
Define transport and explain its importance in economic development.
Page Reference: 54 -
What is a transport network? Explain the concepts of nodes and links.
Page Reference: 54 -
Discuss the major modes of transportation.
Page Reference: 54-55 -
Explain the importance of road transport.
Page Reference: 56 -
Discuss the causes and solutions of urban traffic congestion.
Page Reference: 56 -
Explain the significance of highways in national development.
Page Reference: 56-57 -
What are border roads? Discuss their importance.
Page Reference: 57 -
Explain the importance of railways as a mode of transport.
Page Reference: 57-58 -
Describe the Trans-Siberian Railway.
Page Reference: 58-59 -
Explain the significance of the Trans-Canadian Railway.
Page Reference: 59 -
Write a note on the Orient Express.
Page Reference: 60 -
Explain the advantages of water transport.
Page Reference: 60 -
Discuss the major sea routes of the world.
Page Reference: 61-63 -
Explain the importance of the North Atlantic Sea Route.
Page Reference: 62 -
Describe the Suez Canal and its significance.
Page Reference: 63 -
Discuss the importance of the Panama Canal.
Page Reference: 63-64 -
Explain the role of inland waterways in transportation.
Page Reference: 64-65 -
Describe the Rhine Waterway and its significance.
Page Reference: 65 -
Explain the importance of the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Seaway.
Page Reference: 65 -
Discuss the advantages and limitations of air transport.
Page Reference: 66 -
Explain the major inter-continental air routes.
Page Reference: 66 -
Discuss the significance of pipelines in transportation.
Page Reference: 66-67 -
Explain the role of communication in modern society.
Page Reference: 67 -
What are optic fiber cables? Discuss their advantages.
Page Reference: 67-68 -
Explain satellite communication and its applications.
Page Reference: 68 -
Discuss India’s achievements in satellite communication.
Page Reference: 68 -
Define cyberspace and explain its significance.
Page Reference: 68 -
Explain how the internet has transformed human life.
Page Reference: 68 -
Discuss the concept of the global village.
Page Reference: 68
FACTS, FIGURES AND EXAM DATA
- First public railway line opened in 1825. (Page 55)
- World motorable road length is approximately 15 million km. (Page 56)
- North America accounts for about 33% of world roads. (Page 56)
- About 13 lakh km of railways are open for traffic worldwide. (Page 57)
- Europe possesses about 4,40,000 km of railways. (Page 57)
- Trans-Siberian Railway length: 9,332 km. (Page 59)
- Trans-Canadian Railway length: 7,050 km. (Page 59)
- Suez Canal length: approximately 160 km. (Page 63)
- Panama Canal length: approximately 72 km. (Page 63)
- Panama Canal shortens New York–San Francisco distance by 13,000 km. (Page 64)
- Volga Waterway navigable length: 11,200 km. (Page 65)
- U.S.A. accounts for about 60% of world airways. (Page 66)
- About 17% of freight tonne-km in USA is carried through pipelines. (Page 67)
- Aryabhatt launched on 19 April 1975. (Page 68)
- APPLE launched on 19 June 1981. (Page 68)
- Internet users worldwide reached approximately 5.4 billion in 2023. (Page 68)
DIRECT NCERT BOOK-BACK QUESTIONS
-
What are the problems of road transport in mountainous, desert and flood-prone regions?
(Page Reference: 69) -
What is a trans-continental railway?
(Page Reference: 69) -
What are the advantages of water transport?
(Page Reference: 69) -
Elucidiate the statement: “In a well-managed transport system, various modes complement each other.”
(Page Reference: 69) -
Which are the major regions of the world having a dense network of airways?
(Page Reference: 69) -
What are the modes by which cyberspace will expand the contemporary economic and social space of humans?
(Page Reference: 69)
VERY IMPORTANT REVISION POINTS
- Transport links production centres with consumption centres.
- Major transport modes are land, water, air and pipelines.
- Road transport is economical for short distances.
- Highways facilitate uninterrupted traffic flow.
- Golden Quadrilateral connects Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.
- Border roads strengthen defence and integration.
- Railways are best suited for bulky freight over long distances.
- Trans-Siberian Railway is the world’s longest trans-continental railway.
- North Atlantic Route is the busiest sea route.
- Suez Canal connects Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea.
- Panama Canal connects Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
- Rhine is the world’s most heavily used inland waterway.
- Air transport is the fastest mode of transportation.
- U.S.A. accounts for about 60% of world airways.
- Pipelines provide uninterrupted transport of liquids and gases.
- Big Inch is a famous petroleum pipeline in USA.
- Optic Fiber Cables enable rapid and secure communication.
- Satellite communication reduces the significance of distance.
- Aryabhatt was India’s first satellite.
- Cyberspace is the electronic digital world.
- Internet has transformed the world into a global village.