These Legislature Class 11 Political Science Notes explain the structure, powers and functions of Parliament and State Legislatures in India. The chapter discusses bicameralism, Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, law-making process, parliamentary control over executive, parliamentary committees and anti-defection law.
These notes are useful for school exams, CUET, UPSC, SSC, Railways, State PSC and other competitive examinations.
This chapter explains:
The chapter highlights how legislature acts as the central institution of representative democracy in India.
These NCERT notes explain the importance of legislature in democracy.
Legislature is:
It represents people and helps maintain democratic government.
Parliament:
Without legislature:
Although Cabinet initiates most policies:
When legislature has:
it is called bicameral legislature.
India has:
Countries with:
often adopt bicameral legislature.
Different regions and groups get representation.
Members are:
Representation based on:
Thus:
Example:
President nominates:
From fields like:
Country divided into:
One representative elected from each constituency.
Most bills introduced by government.
Parliament amends Constitution.
A bill is:
| Type | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Government Bill | Introduced by minister |
| Private Member’s Bill | Introduced by non-minister |
| Money Bill | Related to finance |
| Ordinary Bill | General law |
| Constitution Amendment Bill | Constitutional change |
Concerned ministry prepares draft.
Bill introduced in:
Money Bill only in Lok Sabha.
Bill examined by committees.
Committees are called miniature legislatures.
Bill sent to other House.
Held when deadlock occurs between Houses.
After President signs:
Without control:
Parliament ensures:
This helps fearless criticism of government.
Ministers answer questions asked by MPs.
Purpose:
Used to discuss urgent public matters.
Lok Sabha can:
Most powerful parliamentary weapon.
If government loses majority:
Committees help Parliament because:
Since 1983:
They supervise:
JPCs created for:
Members selected from both Houses.
52nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985:
Later strengthened by:
Defection occurs when member:
Defected member:
Decision taken by:
Constitution – Why and How? Notes
Rights in the Indian Constitution Notes
Election and Representation Notes
Executive Notes
Judiciary Notes
Federalism Notes
Local Governments Notes
Constitution as a Living Document Notes
The Philosophy of the Constitution Notes
| Important Topic | Page Reference |
|---|---|
| Importance of Parliament | Pages 101–102 |
| Bicameral Legislature | Pages 102–106 |
| Rajya Sabha | Pages 104–106 |
| Lok Sabha | Pages 106–107 |
| Functions of Parliament | Pages 107–110 |
| Law-Making Process | Pages 110–114 |
| Parliamentary Control | Pages 114–118 |
| Parliamentary Committees | Pages 118–119 |
| Anti-Defection Law | Pages 120–121 |
Rajya Sabha.
Lok Sabha.
Period during which ministers answer MPs’ questions.
Leaving party or violating party whip.
Presiding officer of House.