This page provides complete NCERT Class 12 Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 7 questions, including MCQs, one-word and descriptive questions. All questions are extracted line-by-line from NCERT for full syllabus coverage and exam preparation.
The chapter systematically covers all major Modes of Transport: Land (Roads, Railways, including detailed discussions on global highways like the Pan-American and transcontinental railways like the Trans-Siberian), Water (Sea Routes like the Northern Atlantic ‘Big Trunk Route’, and vital canals like Suez and Panama, plus key inland waterways like the Rhine), Air (its speed, cost, and strategic importance, along with major inter-continental routes), and Pipelines (for uninterrupted flow of liquids/gases).
The second half focuses on Communication, tracing its evolution from the telegraph and telephone to the modern digital age. Key developments include Optic Fiber Cables (OFC), Satellite Communication (making cost invariant to distance), and the rise of Cyberspace and the Internet.
The chapter emphasizes how these technologies, more than transport, have created a ‘global village’ by enabling instant connectivity, e-commerce, and e-governance, expanding human economic and social space exponentially.
Which mode of transport is cheapest for carrying bulky materials over long distances within a country? (Pg. 2)
In which continent is the highest road density and number of vehicles registered? (Pg. 3)
What are roads laid along international boundaries called? (Pg. 4)
Which of these is NOT a major region with a dense rail network in Asia? (Pg. 5)
The Trans-Canadian Railway connects Halifax to Vancouver. What is its primary economic significance? (Pg. 6)
Which sea route is called the “Big Trunk Route” and is the busiest in the world? (Pg. 8-9)
Which canal connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean? (Pg. 10-11)
The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway is a unique commercial waterway in which part of the world? (Pg. 12)
Which region has a distinct east-west belt of inter-continental air routes? (Pg. 13)
What was the first major breakthrough in communication technology that allowed rapid data transmission? (Pg. 14-15)
Cyberspace, accessed via the Internet, allows communication without: (Pg. 15)
(Exercise) The Trans-Continental Stuart Highway runs between: (Pg. 16)
(Exercise) The Big Trunk Route runs through: (Pg. 16)
The series of routes (links) joining several places (nodes) forms a transport ______. (Pg. 1) Page 54
Metalled roads connecting distant places for unobstructed vehicular movement are called ______. (Pg. 3) Page 56
In Europe, the country with the highest railway density is ______. (Pg. 4) Page 57
A major rail route that runs across a continent and links its two ends is called a ______ railway. (Pg. 5) Page 58
The ______ Express is a major rail route running from Paris to Istanbul. (Pg. 7) Page 60
The construction of the ______ Canal greatly reduced the distance on the Mediterranean-Indian Ocean sea route. (Pg. 9) Page 62
The ______ Waterway is the world’s most heavily used inland waterway. (Pg. 12) Page 65
The Volga-Moscow Canal connects the Volga river with the ______ region. (Pg. 12) Page 65
Pipelines are used extensively to transport liquids and ______ like petroleum. (Pg. 13) Page 66
The merger of telecommunications with computers formed integrated networks termed as the ______. (Pg. 15) Page 68
The electronic digital world for communicating over computer networks is called ______. (Pg. 15) Page 68