Source: NCERT Official Textbook
The chapter examines the historical struggles for citizenship rights, from the French Revolution to anti-colonial movements in Asia and Africa, and the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa. It introduces Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement as a powerful example of fighting for equal citizenship through non-violent resistance.
A significant portion addresses the question: What does ‘full and equal membership’ really mean? This is explored through contemporary debates about migration, the rights of “outsiders” within a country, and the tension between freedom of movement and local preferences for jobs and resources. The chapter also examines the situation of marginalized groups like the urban poor, slum dwellers, and tribal communities, discussing the Olga Tellis Supreme Court case which established that the right to life includes the right to livelihood.
The chapter introduces T.H. Marshall’s framework of citizenship as involving three kinds of rights: civil (protecting individual liberty), political (enabling participation in governance), and social (providing access to education and employment). It then explores the relationship between citizen and nation, discussing how different countries (France, Germany, Israel) define national identity and grant citizenship, and how India’s Constitution attempts to provide inclusive citizenship to its diverse population.
Finally, the chapter addresses the challenges of universal citizenship for refugees and stateless people, and introduces the concept of global citizenship in an interconnected world where problems transcend national boundaries. It argues that while national citizenship remains important, it may need to be supplemented by awareness of our shared humanity and global responsibilities.
In most democratic countries today, citizenship rights would include which of the following? (Pg. 2)
In South Africa, the black African population had to struggle for equal citizenship until: (Pg. 3)
Citizenship is about more than state-member relations; it also involves: (Pg. 4)
Martin Luther King Jr. argued against segregation laws on the grounds that: (Pg. 5)
When jobs are scarce in a region, local residents may resent competition from ‘outsiders’. This raises questions about: (Pg. 6)
A basic principle of democracy is that disputes should be settled by: (Pg. 8)
British sociologist T.H. Marshall defined citizenship as a status bestowed on those who are: (Pg. 9)
In the Olga Tellis case, the Supreme Court said that Article 21 (right to life) includes: (Pg. 10)
One of the earliest assertions regarding the sovereignty of the nation state and democratic rights was made in: (Pg. 12)
In India, citizenship can be acquired by all of the following EXCEPT: (Pg. 14)
The UN has appointed a High Commissioner for Refugees to: (Pg. 15)
Which of the following is a sign of the emergence of a global society according to supporters of global citizenship? (Pg. 17)
The condition of thousands of people forced to live as refugees or illegal migrants shows the importance of full ______ of a state. (Pg. 2) Page 80
The purpose of movements like the women’s movement and dalit movement is to change public opinion and influence government policy to ensure equal ______ and opportunities. (Pg. 3) Page 81
Citizens are considered to be the inheritors and trustees of the culture and ______ resources of the country. (Pg. 4) Page 82
Martin Luther King described segregation as ‘social leprosy’ because it inflicts deep ______ wounds on those who suffer. (Pg. 5) Page 83
The right to protest is an aspect of the freedom of ______ guaranteed in our Constitution. (Pg. 6) Page 84
There is a large population of slum-dwellers and ______ in every city in India. (Pg. 8) Page 86
Marshall saw citizenship as involving three kinds of rights: civil, political, and ______. (Pg. 9) Page 87
Tribal people and forest dwellers face threats to their way of life and ______ because of pressure on forests and resources. (Pg. 10) Page 88
The national identity may be expressed through symbols like a flag, national anthem, national language, or certain ______ practices. (Pg. 12) Page 90
The provisions about citizenship in the Indian Constitution can be found in Part ______. (Pg. 14) Page 92
India prides itself on providing refuge to persecuted peoples, as it did with the Dalai Lama and his followers in ______. (Pg. 15) Page 93
The concept of global citizenship reminds us that national citizenship might need to be supplemented by an awareness that we live in an ______ world. (Pg. 17) Page 95
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