The Core Books

Chapter 3: Interior Of Earth MCQs

Written by

Sri

in

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Class 11 • Geography

Chapter 3: Interior Of Earth

Source: NCERT Official Textbook

This chapter delves into the mysteries of the Earth’s interior, a realm that cannot be accessed directly. It explains how our understanding is built upon a combination of direct sources—such as rocks from deep mines, materials from deep ocean drilling projects, and lava from volcanic eruptions—and indirect sources like the analysis of gravity anomalies, magnetic fields, and, most importantly, seismic waves from earthquakes.

The chapter provides a detailed explanation of earthquakes, describing them as the shaking of the Earth caused by the sudden release of energy along faults. It breaks down the different types of seismic waves (P, S, and surface waves), how they propagate, and how the study of their shadow zones has been crucial in revealing the Earth’s layered structure.

This structure consists of the brittle crust, the thick mantle (with its weak, magma-generating asthenosphere), and the heavy metallic core. The final section explores volcanoes and volcanic landforms, classifying volcanoes into types like shield, composite, and caldera, and linking massive features like the Deccan Traps to flood basalt eruptions.

It also describes various intrusive landforms like batholiths, dykes, and sills, which are formed when magma cools and solidifies within the Earth’s crust.

Topics Covered:

Section A: Descriptive Questions

  1. Why is it important to study the interior of the Earth? (Pg. 1) Page 18
  2. What are direct sources of information about the Earth’s interior? Explain with examples. (Pg. 1) Page 18
  3. What are the indirect sources of information about the Earth’s interior? Explain at least three. (Pg. 2) Page 19
  4. What is an earthquake? Explain the process of energy release along a fault. (Pg. 2) Page 19
  5. Differentiate between body waves and surface waves generated by an earthquake. (Pg. 2-3) Page 19-20
  6. What is a seismic shadow zone? Describe the shadow zones for P and S-waves. (Pg. 3) Page 20
  7. List the major immediate hazardous effects of an earthquake. (Pg. 4) Page 21
  8. Describe the structure of the Earth, differentiating between the Crust, Mantle, and Core. (Pg. 5-6) Page 22-23
  9. What is a volcano? How are volcanoes classified? (Pg. 6) Page 23
  10. What are intrusive volcanic landforms? Briefly describe Batholiths and Dykes. (Pg. 7-8) Page 24-25

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Section B1: Objective MCQs

Page 18

What are the two major deep drilling projects mentioned as direct sources of information? (Pg. 1)

A) Meteor Analysis and Gravity SurveyB) Deep Ocean Drilling Project and Integrated Ocean Drilling ProjectC) Volcanic Eruption and MiningD) Seismic and Magnetic Surveys
View Answer
Correct Answer: B
Reference: NCERT Page 18
Page 19

The difference between the observed and expected gravity value at a location is called: (Pg. 2)

A) Gravity ShiftB) Mass AnomalyC) Gravity AnomalyD) Density Differential
View Answer
Correct Answer: C
Reference: NCERT Page 19
Page 19

The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake is called the: (Pg. 2)

A) Shadow ZoneB) EpicentreC) Fault LineD) Seismic Zone
View Answer
Correct Answer: B
Reference: NCERT Page 19
Page 20

Which type of body wave can travel only through solid materials? (Pg. 3)

A) P-wavesB) S-wavesC) Surface wavesD) Shadow waves
View Answer
Correct Answer: B
Reference: NCERT Page 20
Page 20

Which type of earthquake is generated due to the sliding of rocks along a fault plane? (Pg. 3)

A) Collapse EarthquakeB) Tectonic EarthquakeC) Volcanic EarthquakeD) Explosion Earthquake
View Answer
Correct Answer: B
Reference: NCERT Page 20
Page 21

The magnitude of an earthquake is measured on which scale? (Pg. 4)

A) Mercalli ScaleB) Richter ScaleC) Seismic ScaleD) Intensity Scale
View Answer
Correct Answer: B
Reference: NCERT Page 21
Page 22

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the Earth’s interior as described in the chapter? (Pg. 5)

A) CrustB) MantleC) LithosphereD) Magmosphere
View Answer
Correct Answer: D
Reference: NCERT Page 22
Page 22

What is the approximate mean thickness of the continental crust? (Pg. 5)

A) 5 kmB) 30 kmC) 70 kmD) 200 km
View Answer
Correct Answer: B
Reference: NCERT Page 22
Page 23-24

Which type of volcano is characterized by highly fluid basalt lava and a broad, gentle slope? (Pg. 6-7)

A) Cinder ConeB) Composite VolcanoC) Shield VolcanoD) Caldera
View Answer
Correct Answer: C
Reference: NCERT Page 23-24
Page 24

The Deccan Traps in India are an example of which volcanic formation? (Pg. 7)

A) Shield VolcanoB) Flood Basalt ProvinceC) Mid-Ocean Ridge VolcanoD) Composite Volcano
View Answer
Correct Answer: B
Reference: NCERT Page 24
Page 25

Which intrusive form is described as a large, dome-shaped granitic body that cools at great depth? (Pg. 8)

A) LaccolithB) BatholithC) SillD) Dyke
View Answer
Correct Answer: B
Reference: NCERT Page 25
Page 25

(Exercise) Which one of the following earthquake waves is more destructive? (Pg. 8)

A) P-wavesB) S-wavesC) Surface wavesD) None of the above
View Answer
Correct Answer: C
Reference: NCERT Page 25
Page 25

(Exercise) Which one of the following is a direct source of information about the interior of the earth? (Pg. 8)

A) Earthquake wavesB) VolcanoesC) Gravitational forceD) Earth magnetism
View Answer
Correct Answer: B
Reference: NCERT Page 25
Page 25

(Exercise) Which type of volcanic eruptions have caused Deccan Trap formations? (Pg. 8)

A) ShieldB) FloodC) CompositeD) Caldera
View Answer
Correct Answer: B
Reference: NCERT Page 25
Page 25

(Exercise) Which one of the following describes the lithosphere: (Pg. 8)

A) upper and lower mantleB) crust and coreC) crust and upper mantleD) mantle and core
View Answer
Correct Answer: C
Reference: NCERT Page 25

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Section B2: Factual One-Liners

The deepest drill at Kola in the Arctic Ocean has reached a depth of ______ km. (Pg. 1) Page 18

Reveal Answer
12 (Page 18)

Meteors provide information about the Earth’s interior because their material and structure are ______ to that of the Earth. (Pg. 2) Page 19

Reveal Answer
similar (Page 19)

The point inside the Earth where earthquake energy is released is called the ______ or hypocenter. (Pg. 2) Page 19

Reveal Answer
focus (Page 19)

______ waves are the first to arrive at the surface and can travel through all states of matter. (Pg. 3) Page 20

Reveal Answer
P (Page 20)

Earthquakes induced by the explosion of chemical or nuclear devices are called ______ earthquakes. (Pg. 4) Page 21

Reveal Answer
explosion (Page 21)

The ______ scale measures the visible damage caused by an earthquake. (Pg. 4) Page 21

Reveal Answer
Mercalli / Intensity (Page 21)

The uppermost part of the mantle, which is the main source of magma, is called the ______. (Pg. 5) Page 22

Reveal Answer
asthenosphere (Page 22)

The core is sometimes referred to as the ______ layer due to its composition of nickel and iron. (Pg. 6) Page 23

Reveal Answer
nife (Page 23)

Highly explosive volcanoes that collapse into a depression are called ______. (Pg. 7) Page 24

Reveal Answer
calderas (Page 24)

A near-horizontal body of intrusive igneous rock is called a ______ or sheet. (Pg. 8) Page 25

Reveal Answer
sill (Page 25)

(Exercise) Name the direct sources of information about the interior of the earth. (Pg. 9) Page 26

Reveal Answer
Mining, Deep Drilling, Volcanic Eruption (Page 26)

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