Fundamentals of Human Geography

Ch 2 The World Population: Distribution, Density And Growth

Class 12 • Geography

NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 2 Questions (MCQs, One-Word & Descriptive)

This page provides complete NCERT Class 12 Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 2 questions, including MCQs, one-word and descriptive questions. All questions are extracted line-by-line from NCERT for full syllabus coverage and exam preparation.

Chapter 2, “The World Population: Distribution, Density and Growth,” provides a comprehensive analysis of global human population patterns. It begins by highlighting the uneven global distribution, noting that about 90% of people live on just 10% of the land area.

The chapter then systematically examines the Geographical Factors (water availability, landforms, climate, soils), Economic Factors (minerals, urbanisation, industrialisation), and Social & Cultural Factors that influence where people choose to live.

A significant portion is dedicated to understanding population change. It introduces key concepts like growth rate, natural growth, and actual growth, along with formulas for Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CDR).

Migration is explained as the third component of change, detailing push and pull factors, and differentiating between emigration and immigration.

The chapter culminates with the Demographic Transition Theory, a model explaining how populations evolve from a stage of high births and high deaths (Stage 1) to low births and low deaths (Stage 3) as societies develop economically and socially.

The final section underscores the importance of population control measures, referencing Malthusian theory, for the sustainable management of resources.

🚀 How to use this Study Material:

  1. Read First: Go through this Chapter in your textbook thoroughly.
  2. Revise Conceptually: Solve the Descriptive Questions in Section A.
  3. Fact Check: Use the One-Liners and MCQs in Section B to test your factual memory.
  4. Refer Back: If you miss a point, check the specific Page Number mentioned with each question.

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Section A: Descriptive Questions

  1. According to the chapter introduction, what is considered the real wealth of a country? (Pg. 1) Page 7
  2. Write the formula to calculate the density of population. (Pg. 2) Page 8
  3. Name any two economic factors that influence population distribution. (Pg. 2) Page 8
  4. What are social and cultural factors that can attract people to a place? Give one example. (Pg. 3) Page 9
  5. Define ‘Natural Growth of Population’. (Pg. 3) Page 9
  6. Differentiate between ‘Place of Origin’ and ‘Place of Destination’ in the context of migration. (Pg. 4) Page 10
  7. According to the Demographic Transition Theory, how does a society’s population change as it progresses? (Pg. 4) Page 10
  8. (Exercise) Name three geographical factors influencing population distribution. (Pg. 5) Page 11
  9. (Exercise) Distinguish between push factors and pull factors of migration. (Pg. 6) Page 12

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Section B1: Objective MCQs

Page 7

What is true about the world’s population distribution? (Pg. 1)

A) It is evenly spreadB) 90% lives on 10% of land areaC) Most people live in polar regionsD) South America has the highest density
View Answer
Correct Answer: B
Reference: NCERT Page 7
Page 8

Which geographical factor is considered the MOST important for life and settlement? (Pg. 2)

A) LandformsB) ClimateC) Availability of waterD) Soil fertility
View Answer
Correct Answer: C
Reference: NCERT Page 8
Page 8

Which of these is an example of a densely populated area due to mineral deposits? (Pg. 2)

A) The HimalayasB) Mediterranean regionC) Katanga Zambia copper beltD) Ganga Plains
View Answer
Correct Answer: C
Reference: NCERT Page 8
Page 9

What does “Negative Growth of Population” mean? (Pg. 3)

A) Birth rate is more than death rateB) Birth rate equals death rateC) Population decreases between two points of timeD) In-migration exceeds out-migration
View Answer
Correct Answer: C
Reference: NCERT Page 9
Page 9

What are the three components of population change? (Pg. 3)

A) Births, Deaths, Life ExpectancyB) Births, Deaths, MigrationC) Health, Education, IncomeD) Immigration, Emigration, Urbanisation
View Answer
Correct Answer: B
Reference: NCERT Page 9
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Page 10

Which of these is a ‘Pull Factor’ for migration? (Pg. 4)

A) UnemploymentB) Political turmoilC) Better job opportunitiesD) Epidemics
View Answer
Correct Answer: C
Reference: NCERT Page 10
Page 10

In the first stage of the Demographic Transition Theory, why is fertility high? (Pg. 4)

A) Due to high literacyB) To compensate for high mortalityC) Due to government policiesD) Due to urbanisation
View Answer
Correct Answer: B
Reference: NCERT Page 10
Page 11

(Exercise) Which continent has the highest growth of population? (Pg. 5)

A) AfricaB) AsiaC) South AmericaD) North America
View Answer
Correct Answer: A
Reference: NCERT Page 11
Page 11

(Exercise) Which one is NOT an area of sparse population? (Pg. 5)

A) The AtacamaB) South-east AsiaC) Equatorial regionD) Polar regions
View Answer
Correct Answer: B
Reference: NCERT Page 11
Page 11

(Exercise) Which one is NOT a push factor for migration? (Pg. 5)

A) Water shortageB) Medical/educational facilitiesC) UnemploymentD) Epidemics
View Answer
Correct Answer: B
Reference: NCERT Page 11
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Section B2: Factual One-Liners

What does the term ‘population distribution’ refer to? (Pg. 1) Page 7

Reveal Answer
The way people are spaced over the earth’s surface (Page 7)

Areas with very heavy rainfall or extreme climates tend to have ______ population. (Pg. 2) Page 8

Reveal Answer
low (Page 8)

The movement of people from rural to urban areas is called ______. (Pg. 2) Page 8

Reveal Answer
urbanisation / migration (Page 8)

The change in population expressed in percentage is called ______. (Pg. 3) Page 9

Reveal Answer
Growth Rate (Page 9)

CBR stands for ______. (Pg. 3) Page 9

Reveal Answer
Crude Birth Rate (Page 9)

Migrants who move into a new place are called ______. (Pg. 4) Page 10

Reveal Answer
Immigrants (Page 10)
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The theory that describes population change from high births/deaths to low births/deaths is ______. (Pg. 4) Page 10

Reveal Answer
Demographic Transition Theory (Page 10)

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