Ch 1 Early Societies

Class 11 • Themes in World History

NCERT Class 11 History Chapter 1 Questions (MCQ, One-Word or Descriptive)

This page provides complete NCERT Class 11 Themes in World History Chapter 1 questions, including MCQs, one-word and descriptive questions. All questions are extracted line-by-line from NCERT for full syllabus coverage and exam preparation.

This chapter traces the transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to settled agricultural communities and, eventually, to the emergence of the world’s first cities in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq). It emphasises that urbanisation was not simply a result of agricultural surplus but involved complex interplays of trade, social organisation, division of labour, transport (especially water routes), and the development of writing.

The chapter highlights how Mesopotamian city life:centred around temples and kings:created new institutions such as organised trade, storage, record-keeping, and compulsory labour for public projects. The second half of the chapter focuses specifically on Mesopotamian civilisation, including its geography (southern desert cities sustained by the Euphrates and Tigris, northern agricultural plains, and pastoral steppes), the evolution of cuneiform writing on clay tablets, and the role of trade in cities like Mari.

It also discusses the lives of ordinary people, the significance of seals as urban artefacts, and the legacy of Mesopotamian scholarship:particularly mathematics (square roots, compound interest) and time reckoning (24-hour day, 60-minute hour). Finally, the chapter explores how later rulers like Assurbanipal and Nabonidus actively preserved early Mesopotamian traditions through libraries and early archaeological efforts, demonstrating a continuous cultural memory that lasted over two millennia.

🚀 How to use this Study Material:

  1. Read First: Go through this Chapter in your textbook thoroughly.
  2. Revise Conceptually: Solve the Descriptive Questions in Section A.
  3. Fact Check: Use the One-Liners and MCQs in Section B to test your factual memory.
  4. Refer Back: If you miss a point, check the specific Page Number mentioned with each question.
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Section A: Descriptive Questions

  1. What were the main geographical divisions of Mesopotamia, and how did they differ in terms of livelihood and urban development? Page 9-11
  2. Describe the process of writing on clay tablets in Mesopotamia. Why are so many tablets available to archaeologists? Page 13-14
  3. Explain the significance of temples in early southern Mesopotamian cities. Page 16-17
  4. How did warfare and successful chiefs contribute to the growth of early Mesopotamian cities? Page 17-18
  5. Describe the palace of King Zimrilim at Mari. What functions did it serve? Page 23
  6. What was the legacy of Mesopotamian mathematics and time reckoning to the modern world? Page 25
  7. How did Assurbanipal build and organize his library at Nineveh? Page 26
  8. What evidence from Abu Salabikh shows how modern archaeologists study Mesopotamian towns? Page 24

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Section B1: Objective MCQs

Page 9

What does the word “Mesopotamia” mean?

A) Land between two riversB) Land of the rising sunC) Holy landD) Desert plateau
View Answer
Correct Answer: Land between two rivers
Reference: NCERT Page 9
Page 13

Around what year did the first writing appear in Mesopotamia?

A) 4000 BCEB) 3500 BCEC) 3200 BCED) 3000 BCE
View Answer
Correct Answer: 3200 BCE
Reference: NCERT Page 13
Page 14

What material did Mesopotamians primarily write on?

A) PapyrusB) ParchmentC) Clay tabletsD) Wooden boards
View Answer
Correct Answer: Clay tablets
Reference: NCERT Page 14
Page 14

What is the term for the wedge-shaped writing script of Mesopotamia?

A) HieroglyphicsB) CuneiformC) Alphabetic scriptD) Logographic script
View Answer
Correct Answer: Cuneiform
Reference: NCERT Page 14
Page 9

Which language gradually replaced Sumerian around 2400 BCE?

A) AramaicB) HebrewC) AkkadianD) Persian
View Answer
Correct Answer: Akkadian
Reference: NCERT Page 9
Page 25

What was the name of the legendary king of Uruk who searched for immortality and finally took consolation in the city wall?

A) EnmerkarB) SargonC) ZimrilimD) Gilgamesh
View Answer
Correct Answer: Gilgamesh
Reference: NCERT Page 25
Page 12

What alloy was primarily used for tools and weapons in early Mesopotamian cities?

A) CopperB) TinC) BronzeD) Iron
View Answer
Correct Answer: Bronze
Reference: NCERT Page 12
Page 24

Which metal from the island of Cyprus was important for Mesopotamian bronze production?

A) TinB) SilverC) GoldD) Copper
View Answer
Correct Answer: Copper
Reference: NCERT Page 24
Page 27

Who was the last ruler of independent Babylon who repaired an ancient statue of King Sargon?

A) HammurabiB) NabopolassarC) NabonidusD) Assurbanipal
View Answer
Correct Answer: Nabonidus
Reference: NCERT Page 27
Page 15-16

According to the poem about Enmerkar, why did the king first write down words on a clay tablet?

A) To create a law codeB) To send a prayer to the godsC) Because the messenger kept mixing up messagesD) To record taxes
View Answer
Correct Answer: Because the messenger kept mixing up messages
Reference: NCERT Page 15-16
Page 12

What does the Warka Head (sculpted before 3000 BCE) tell us about Mesopotamian cities?

A) It was made from local clayB) It was carved from imported hard stone, showing trade networks and specialized craft productionC) It was found in a commoner’s houseD) It was used as a seal
View Answer
Correct Answer: It was carved from imported hard stone, showing trade networks and specialized craft production
Reference: NCERT Page 12
Page 24

What technique did later Mesopotamian excavators use at Abu Salabikh to trace wall outlines?

A) Carbon datingB) Scraping surfacesC) Aerial photographyD) Ground-penetrating radar
View Answer
Correct Answer: Scraping surfaces
Reference: NCERT Page 24

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Section B2: Factual One-Liners

What is the name of the earliest known language of Mesopotamia? Page 14

Reveal Answer
Sumerian (Page 14)

What were the residences of gods called in Mesopotamian cities? Page 16

Reveal Answer
Temples (Page 16)

What cylindrical object, pierced down the centre and rolled over wet clay, served as a mark of authenticity and ownership? Page 19

Reveal Answer
Cylinder seal (Page 19)

What type of family (man, wife, children) was the norm in Mesopotamian society according to legal texts? Page 19

Reveal Answer
Nuclear family (Page 19)

Which river was Mari located on, making it a prime position for trade? Page 24

Reveal Answer
Euphrates (Page 24)

What Assyrian king collected a library at Nineveh with about 30,000 tablets? Page 26

Reveal Answer
Assurbanipal (Page 26)

What was the name of the stepped tower found at Babylon? Page 27

Reveal Answer
Ziggurat (Page 27)

What civilisation’s cities (c.2700 BCE) are mentioned in the timeline as using a script around the same time as Mesopotamia? Page 7

Reveal Answer
Harappan (Page 7)

What animal was domesticated in Central Asia and used for plough agriculture and carts? Page 3

Reveal Answer
Horse (Page 3)

What type of stone tools were smoothened and polished by grinding during the agricultural revolution? Page 3

Reveal Answer
Axes and hoes (Page 3)

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