Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Biodiversity and Conservation Important Questions

Biodiversity and Conservation Important Questions

These Biodiversity and Conservation Important Questions cover important NCERT concepts related to biodiversity, ecosystem balance, conservation methods, environmental degradation and sustainable development.

The chapter-wise questions include MCQs, one-word questions, assertion and reason questions and analytical descriptive questions useful for UPSC, SSC, Railways, State PSC, CUET, CBSE board exams and competitive examinations.

NCERT Page Coverage: Page 120–123

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

These MCQs from Biodiversity and Conservation help students revise important concepts related to biodiversity, conservation strategies, ecological balance and sustainable development.

MCQ 1

Biodiversity refers to:

  • A. Only plant species
  • B. Variety of life forms on Earth
  • C. Only animal species
  • D. Only microorganisms
Answer: B. Variety of life forms on Earth

Page Reference: Page 120

MCQ 2

Which level of biodiversity refers to variation within species?

  • A. Ecosystem diversity
  • B. Species diversity
  • C. Genetic diversity
  • D. Landscape diversity
Answer: C. Genetic diversity

Page Reference: Page 120

MCQ 3

The variety of ecosystems in a region is called:

  • A. Species diversity
  • B. Genetic diversity
  • C. Ecosystem diversity
  • D. Biological mutation
Answer: C. Ecosystem diversity

Page Reference: Page 120

MCQ 4

India is considered a mega biodiversity nation because:

  • A. It has largest deserts only
  • B. It possesses rich variety of flora and fauna
  • C. It has only tropical forests
  • D. It has maximum glaciers only
Answer: B. It possesses rich variety of flora and fauna

Page Reference: Page 121

MCQ 5

Deforestation mainly causes:

  • A. Increase in biodiversity
  • B. Loss of habitat
  • C. Increase in rainfall only
  • D. Ocean salinity only
Answer: B. Loss of habitat

Page Reference: Page 121

MCQ 6

The destruction of natural habitats leads to:

  • A. Species conservation
  • B. Biodiversity loss
  • C. Increase in genetic variation only
  • D. Soil formation only
Answer: B. Biodiversity loss

Page Reference: Page 121

MCQ 7

Poaching refers to:

  • A. Forest conservation
  • B. Illegal hunting of animals
  • C. Scientific farming only
  • D. Soil conservation only
Answer: B. Illegal hunting of animals

Page Reference: Page 122

MCQ 8

The protection of biodiversity within natural habitats is called:

  • A. Ex-situ conservation
  • B. In-situ conservation
  • C. Artificial conservation
  • D. Chemical conservation
Answer: B. In-situ conservation

Page Reference: Page 122

MCQ 9

National parks are examples of:

  • A. Ex-situ conservation
  • B. In-situ conservation
  • C. Industrial conservation
  • D. Commercial conservation
Answer: B. In-situ conservation

Page Reference: Page 122

MCQ 10

The conservation of species outside natural habitat is called:

  • A. In-situ conservation
  • B. Ex-situ conservation
  • C. Ecosystem conservation
  • D. Environmental planning
Answer: B. Ex-situ conservation

Page Reference: Page 122

MCQ 11

Botanical gardens are examples of:

  • A. In-situ conservation
  • B. Ex-situ conservation
  • C. Habitat destruction
  • D. Ecological imbalance only
Answer: B. Ex-situ conservation

Page Reference: Page 122

MCQ 12

The Red Data Book contains information about:

  • A. Ocean currents
  • B. Endangered species
  • C. Volcanoes
  • D. Mineral resources only
Answer: B. Endangered species

Page Reference: Page 123

MCQ 13

Species facing very high risk of extinction are called:

  • A. Dominant species
  • B. Endangered species
  • C. Exotic species
  • D. Common species
Answer: B. Endangered species

Page Reference: Page 123

MCQ 14

Which activity promotes sustainable use of resources?

  • A. Overexploitation
  • B. Conservation
  • C. Poaching
  • D. Deforestation
Answer: B. Conservation

Page Reference: Page 123

MCQ 15

Ecological balance is maintained through:

  • A. Biodiversity
  • B. Habitat destruction
  • C. Excessive mining
  • D. Pollution only
Answer: A. Biodiversity

Page Reference: Page 120

One-Word / Very Short Answer Questions

Question Answer Page Reference
What is variety of life forms called? Biodiversity Page 120
Which biodiversity level refers to variation within species? Genetic diversity Page 120
What is illegal hunting called? Poaching Page 122
Which conservation method protects species in natural habitat? In-situ conservation Page 122
Which conservation method protects species outside natural habitat? Ex-situ conservation Page 122
Which protected area conserves wildlife? Wildlife sanctuary Page 122
Which protected area preserves ecosystems and wildlife? National park Page 122
Which book contains data on endangered species? Red Data Book Page 123
Which organisation publishes Red Data Book? IUCN Page 123
Which species face high risk of extinction? Endangered species Page 123
What is excessive use of natural resources called? Overexploitation Page 121
Which conservation facility preserves seeds and genes? Gene bank Page 122
Which conservation facility preserves plants? Botanical garden Page 122
Which conservation facility preserves animals outside natural habitat? Zoo Page 122
What is development without harming future generations called? Sustainable development Page 123

Assertion and Reason Questions

Question 1

Assertion (A): Biodiversity is important for ecological balance.

Reason (R): Different species perform interconnected ecological functions.

Options:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
  • C. A is true but R is false
  • D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A

Page Reference: Page 120

Question 2

Assertion (A): Habitat destruction causes biodiversity loss.

Reason (R): Species depend on natural habitats for survival.

Options:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
  • C. A is true but R is false
  • D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A

Page Reference: Page 121

Question 3

Assertion (A): Deforestation threatens wildlife populations.

Reason (R): Forest destruction reduces shelter and food availability.

Options:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
  • C. A is true but R is false
  • D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A

Page Reference: Page 121

Question 4

Assertion (A): Poaching contributes to species extinction.

Reason (R): Illegal hunting reduces wildlife populations rapidly.

Options:

  • A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
  • B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
  • C. A is true but R is false
  • D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A

Page Reference: Page 122

Important Exam-Based Concept Questions

Question 1

Explain the meaning and importance of biodiversity.

Page Reference: Page 120

Question 2

Discuss the different levels of biodiversity.

Page Reference: Page 120

Question 3

Explain why biodiversity is important for ecological balance.

Page Reference: Page 120

Question 4

Discuss the causes of biodiversity loss.

Page Reference: Page 121

Question 5

Explain the impact of deforestation on biodiversity.

Page Reference: Page 121

Question 6

Discuss the role of human activities in species extinction.

Page Reference: Page 121

Question 7

Explain the concept of in-situ conservation with examples.

Page Reference: Page 122

Question 8

Describe the importance of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.

Page Reference: Page 122

Question 9

Explain the concept of ex-situ conservation with examples.

Page Reference: Page 122

Question 10

Discuss the role of zoos, botanical gardens and gene banks in conservation.

Page Reference: Page 122

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