These World Climate and Climate Change Important Questions cover the most important MCQs, one-word questions, assertion and reason questions and descriptive questions from NCERT Class 11 Geography Chapter 11. The questions are prepared from NCERT concepts and important exam-oriented topics for quick revision and practice.
This page is useful for UPSC, SSC, PSC, Railway, CUET and Class 11 Geography preparation, helping students revise important concepts related to climate, climatic classification, world climatic regions, greenhouse effect and climate change.
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These MCQs from World Climate and Climate Change are designed for quick objective revision and competitive exam preparation. The questions cover important climatic concepts, climatic regions, climatic controls and climate change processes discussed in the NCERT chapter.
Q1. Climate refers to:
A. Daily weather conditions
B. Long-term average weather conditions
C. Sudden storms only
D. Seasonal rainfall only
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 92
Q2. Which factor strongly influences climate?
A. Latitude
B. Altitude
C. Distance from sea
D. All of these
Answer: D | Page Reference: Page 92
Q3. The Köppen classification is mainly based on:
A. Population density
B. Temperature and rainfall
C. Soil types only
D. Vegetation only
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 93
Q4. Equatorial climate is characterized by:
A. Extreme cold
B. High temperature and heavy rainfall throughout the year
C. Dry winters only
D. Snowfall throughout the year
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 94
Q5. The equatorial climate region lies mainly between:
A. 0°–10° latitude
B. 20°–30° latitude
C. 40°–60° latitude
D. 60°–90° latitude
Answer: A | Page Reference: Page 94
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Q6. The natural vegetation of equatorial climate is:
A. Tundra
B. Coniferous forest
C. Tropical evergreen forest
D. Grasslands
Answer: C | Page Reference: Page 94
Q7. The tropical monsoon climate is mainly associated with:
A. Seasonal reversal of winds
B. Constant polar winds
C. Permanent westerlies
D. Ocean salinity only
Answer: A | Page Reference: Page 95
Q8. Savanna climate is mainly associated with:
A. Dense evergreen forests
B. Grasslands with scattered trees
C. Desert vegetation
D. Tundra vegetation
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 95
Q9. The hot desert climate is mainly found around:
A. Equator
B. Subtropical high pressure belts
C. Polar regions
D. Temperate cyclones only
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 96
Q10. Which is the largest hot desert in the world?
A. Thar Desert
B. Sahara Desert
C. Gobi Desert
D. Atacama Desert
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 96
Q11. Mediterranean climate is characterized by:
A. Dry summers and wet winters
B. Wet summers and dry winters
C. Heavy snowfall throughout year
D. Uniform rainfall throughout year
Answer: A | Page Reference: Page 97
Q12. Mediterranean climate is suitable for cultivation of:
A. Rice only
B. Citrus fruits and grapes
C. Coniferous trees only
D. Tundra crops only
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 97
Q13. Temperate grasslands are known as Prairies in:
A. South America
B. Africa
C. North America
D. Australia
Answer: C | Page Reference: Page 98
Q14. The coniferous forests are mainly found in:
A. Equatorial regions
B. Mediterranean regions
C. Cool temperate regions
D. Desert regions
Answer: C | Page Reference: Page 99
Q15. Taiga vegetation mainly consists of:
A. Deciduous trees
B. Coniferous trees
C. Grasslands
D. Thorny shrubs
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 99
Q16. Tundra climate is characterized by:
A. High temperatures
B. Extremely cold conditions
C. Heavy rainfall throughout year
D. Dry tropical conditions
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 100
Q17. The treeless vegetation of tundra consists mainly of:
A. Mosses and lichens
B. Tropical trees
C. Thorny bushes
D. Mangroves
Answer: A | Page Reference: Page 100
Q18. Global warming is mainly caused by increase in:
A. Oxygen
B. Greenhouse gases
C. Nitrogen only
D. Dust particles only
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 101
Q19. Which gas contributes most to greenhouse effect?
A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Helium
Answer: C | Page Reference: Page 101
Q20. The gradual increase in Earth’s temperature is called:
A. Ozone depletion
B. Global warming
C. Weathering
D. Desertification only
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 101
Q21. Deforestation contributes to climate change because it:
A. Increases oxygen absorption
B. Reduces carbon dioxide absorption
C. Decreases rainfall only
D. Stops wind circulation only
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 101
Q22. The Kyoto Protocol is related to:
A. Ocean conservation
B. Climate change control
C. Earthquake management
D. Wildlife conservation only
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 102
Q23. Climate is different from weather because climate refers to:
A. Daily atmospheric conditions
B. Long-term atmospheric patterns
C. Sudden storms only
D. Wind speed only
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 92
Q24. The main cause of desert climate is:
A. Equatorial low pressure
B. Descending dry air in subtropical highs
C. Heavy convectional rainfall
D. Polar easterlies only
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 96
Q25. Mediterranean regions receive rainfall mainly during:
A. Summer
B. Winter
C. Spring only
D. Autumn only
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 97
Q26. Steppe climate is associated with:
A. Dense forests
B. Grasslands
C. Polar deserts
D. Evergreen forests only
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 98
Q27. Climate change can lead to:
A. Sea-level rise
B. Glacier melting
C. Extreme weather events
D. All of these
Answer: D | Page Reference: Page 101
Q28. The main source of greenhouse gases is:
A. Natural forests only
B. Human activities and fossil fuel burning
C. Ocean currents only
D. Earthquakes only
Answer: B | Page Reference: Page 101
Q29. Which climatic region experiences very little annual temperature variation?
A. Equatorial region
B. Desert region
C. Tundra region
D. Temperate grasslands
Answer: A | Page Reference: Page 94
Q30. Which climatic region experiences severe winters and short summers?
A. Equatorial climate
B. Mediterranean climate
C. Tundra climate
D. Monsoon climate
Answer: C | Page Reference: Page 100
One-Word / Very Short Answer Questions
These one-word and factual questions help students quickly revise important climatic concepts, climatic regions and climate change processes from the chapter. The section is especially useful for UPSC, SSC, PSC, Railway, CUET and other objective examinations.
-
What is long-term average weather called?
Answer: Climate | Page Reference: Page 92 -
Which climatic classification is based on temperature and rainfall?
Answer: Köppen classification | Page Reference: Page 93 -
Which climate has rainfall throughout the year?
Answer: Equatorial climate | Page Reference: Page 94 -
Which vegetation is found in equatorial climate?
Answer: Tropical evergreen forest | Page Reference: Page 94 -
Which climate is associated with seasonal wind reversal?
Answer: Monsoon climate | Page Reference: Page 95 -
Which vegetation is typical of savanna climate?
Answer: Grasslands | Page Reference: Page 95 -
Which pressure belt is associated with hot deserts?
Answer: Subtropical high pressure belt | Page Reference: Page 96 -
Which is the world’s largest hot desert?
Answer: Sahara Desert | Page Reference: Page 96 -
Which climate has dry summers and wet winters?
Answer: Mediterranean climate | Page Reference: Page 97 -
Which crops are important in Mediterranean climate?
Answer: Citrus fruits and grapes | Page Reference: Page 97 -
What are temperate grasslands called in North America?
Answer: Prairies | Page Reference: Page 98 -
Which forests dominate cool temperate regions?
Answer: Coniferous forests | Page Reference: Page 99 -
Which vegetation is found in tundra climate?
Answer: Mosses and lichens | Page Reference: Page 100 -
What is gradual rise in Earth’s temperature called?
Answer: Global warming | Page Reference: Page 101 -
Which gas contributes most to greenhouse effect?
Answer: Carbon dioxide | Page Reference: Page 101 -
Which international agreement deals with climate change?
Answer: Kyoto Protocol | Page Reference: Page 102 -
Which climate experiences severe winters?
Answer: Tundra climate | Page Reference: Page 100 -
Which climate has least annual temperature variation?
Answer: Equatorial climate | Page Reference: Page 94 -
Which human activity increases greenhouse gases significantly?
Answer: Fossil fuel burning | Page Reference: Page 101 -
Which environmental issue causes sea-level rise?
Answer: Global warming | Page Reference: Page 101
Assertion and Reason Questions
These assertion and reason questions from World Climate and Climate Change help students develop conceptual clarity and analytical understanding of climatic regions and climate change processes. They are highly useful for board exams and competitive examinations.
Assertion (A): Climate refers to long-term weather conditions.
Reason (R): Climate is studied using atmospheric observations over many years.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A | Page Reference: Page 92
Assertion (A): Equatorial regions receive heavy rainfall throughout the year.
Reason (R): Strong convectional activity occurs in equatorial regions.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A | Page Reference: Page 94
Assertion (A): Equatorial climate experiences very little annual temperature variation.
Reason (R): Sun’s rays remain nearly vertical throughout the year.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A | Page Reference: Page 94
Assertion (A): Hot deserts are mainly located near subtropical high pressure belts.
Reason (R): Descending dry air prevents cloud formation and rainfall.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A | Page Reference: Page 96
Assertion (A): Mediterranean climate receives winter rainfall.
Reason (R): Westerlies influence these regions during winter season.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A | Page Reference: Page 97
Assertion (A): Tundra regions are treeless.
Reason (R): Extremely low temperatures restrict tree growth.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A | Page Reference: Page 100
Assertion (A): Global warming is linked to greenhouse gases.
Reason (R): Greenhouse gases trap outgoing terrestrial radiation.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A | Page Reference: Page 101
Assertion (A): Carbon dioxide concentration has increased due to human activities.
Reason (R): Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into atmosphere.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A | Page Reference: Page 101
Assertion (A): Deforestation contributes to climate change.
Reason (R): Forests absorb carbon dioxide from atmosphere.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A | Page Reference: Page 101
Assertion (A): Climate change can cause sea-level rise.
Reason (R): Global warming leads to melting of glaciers and polar ice.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A | Page Reference: Page 101
Assertion (A): Temperate grasslands are suitable for wheat cultivation.
Reason (R): Fertile soils are found in grassland regions.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A | Page Reference: Page 98
Assertion (A): Coniferous forests dominate cool temperate regions.
Reason (R): Needle-shaped leaves help trees survive cold conditions.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A | Page Reference: Page 99
Assertion (A): Mediterranean climate supports fruit cultivation.
Reason (R): Mild winters and dry sunny summers favour horticulture.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A | Page Reference: Page 97
Assertion (A): Equatorial forests are dense and evergreen.
Reason (R): Rainfall and temperature remain high throughout the year.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A | Page Reference: Page 94
Assertion (A): Kyoto Protocol aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Reason (R): Climate change is a global environmental issue.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Correct Option: A | Page Reference: Page 102
Important Exam-Based Concept Questions
These important descriptive and analytical questions from World Climate and Climate Change are useful for board examinations and competitive exams. The questions focus on conceptual understanding, climatic regions and climate change.
-
Explain the meaning and elements of climate.
Page Reference: Page 92
-
Discuss the major factors affecting climate.
Page Reference: Page 92
-
Explain the basis of Köppen’s climatic classification.
Page Reference: Page 93
-
Describe the characteristics of equatorial climate.
Page Reference: Page 94
-
Explain the natural vegetation and human activities in equatorial regions.
Page Reference: Page 94
-
Discuss the characteristics of tropical monsoon climate.
Page Reference: Page 95
-
Explain the climatic and vegetation characteristics of savanna regions.
Page Reference: Page 95
-
Describe the features of hot desert climate.
Page Reference: Page 96
-
Explain why deserts receive very little rainfall.
Page Reference: Page 96
-
Discuss the characteristics of Mediterranean climate.
Page Reference: Page 97
-
Explain the importance of Mediterranean climate for horticulture.
Page Reference: Page 97
-
Describe the climatic characteristics of temperate grasslands.
Page Reference: Page 98
-
Explain the characteristics and importance of coniferous forests.
Page Reference: Page 99
-
Discuss the climatic conditions of tundra regions.
Page Reference: Page 100
-
Explain the concept and causes of global warming.
Page Reference: Page 101
-
Discuss the greenhouse effect and its consequences.
Page Reference: Page 101
-
Discuss the role of human activities in climate change.
Page Reference: Page 101
-
Discuss the major impacts of climate change on environment and society.
Page Reference: Page 101
-
Explain the significance of Kyoto Protocol.
Page Reference: Page 102
-
Discuss measures to reduce climate change and global warming.
Page Reference: Page 101–102
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