World Climate and Climate Change Important Questions
These World Climate and Climate Change Important Questions cover important NCERT concepts related to climatic regions, climatic classification, vegetation patterns, greenhouse effect and climate change.
The chapter-wise questions include MCQs, one-word questions, assertion and reason questions and analytical descriptive questions useful for UPSC, SSC, Railways, State PSC, CUET, CBSE board exams and competitive examinations.
NCERT Page Coverage: Page 92–102
Table of Contents
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
These MCQs from World Climate and Climate Change help students revise important concepts related to climatic regions, vegetation and global climate change.
MCQ 1
Climate refers to:
- A. Daily weather conditions
- B. Long-term average weather conditions
- C. Sudden storms only
- D. Seasonal rainfall only
Page Reference: Page 92
MCQ 2
Which factor strongly influences climate?
- A. Latitude
- B. Altitude
- C. Distance from sea
- D. All of these
Page Reference: Page 92
MCQ 3
The Köppen classification is mainly based on:
- A. Population density
- B. Temperature and rainfall
- C. Soil types only
- D. Vegetation only
Page Reference: Page 93
MCQ 4
Equatorial climate is characterized by:
- A. Extreme cold
- B. High temperature and heavy rainfall throughout the year
- C. Dry winters only
- D. Snowfall throughout the year
Page Reference: Page 94
MCQ 5
The equatorial climate region lies mainly between:
- A. 0°–10° latitude
- B. 20°–30° latitude
- C. 40°–60° latitude
- D. 60°–90° latitude
Page Reference: Page 94
MCQ 6
The natural vegetation of equatorial climate is:
- A. Tundra
- B. Coniferous forest
- C. Tropical evergreen forest
- D. Grasslands
Page Reference: Page 94
MCQ 7
The tropical monsoon climate is mainly associated with:
- A. Seasonal reversal of winds
- B. Constant polar winds
- C. Permanent westerlies
- D. Ocean salinity only
Page Reference: Page 95
MCQ 8
Savanna climate is mainly associated with:
- A. Dense evergreen forests
- B. Grasslands with scattered trees
- C. Desert vegetation
- D. Tundra vegetation
Page Reference: Page 95
MCQ 9
The hot desert climate is mainly found around:
- A. Equator
- B. Subtropical high pressure belts
- C. Polar regions
- D. Temperate cyclones only
Page Reference: Page 96
MCQ 10
Which is the largest hot desert in the world?
- A. Thar Desert
- B. Sahara Desert
- C. Gobi Desert
- D. Atacama Desert
Page Reference: Page 96
MCQ 11
Mediterranean climate is characterized by:
- A. Dry summers and wet winters
- B. Wet summers and dry winters
- C. Heavy snowfall throughout year
- D. Uniform rainfall throughout year
Page Reference: Page 97
MCQ 12
Mediterranean climate is suitable for cultivation of:
- A. Rice only
- B. Citrus fruits and grapes
- C. Coniferous trees only
- D. Tundra crops only
Page Reference: Page 97
MCQ 13
Temperate grasslands are known as Prairies in:
- A. South America
- B. Africa
- C. North America
- D. Australia
Page Reference: Page 98
MCQ 14
The coniferous forests are mainly found in:
- A. Equatorial regions
- B. Mediterranean regions
- C. Cool temperate regions
- D. Desert regions
Page Reference: Page 99
MCQ 15
Taiga vegetation mainly consists of:
- A. Deciduous trees
- B. Coniferous trees
- C. Grasslands
- D. Thorny shrubs
Page Reference: Page 99
MCQ 16
Tundra climate is characterized by:
- A. High temperatures
- B. Extremely cold conditions
- C. Heavy rainfall throughout year
- D. Dry tropical conditions
Page Reference: Page 100
MCQ 17
The treeless vegetation of tundra consists mainly of:
- A. Mosses and lichens
- B. Tropical trees
- C. Thorny bushes
- D. Mangroves
Page Reference: Page 100
MCQ 18
Global warming is mainly caused by increase in:
- A. Oxygen
- B. Greenhouse gases
- C. Nitrogen only
- D. Dust particles only
Page Reference: Page 101
MCQ 19
Which gas contributes most to greenhouse effect?
- A. Oxygen
- B. Nitrogen
- C. Carbon dioxide
- D. Helium
Page Reference: Page 101
MCQ 20
The gradual increase in Earth’s temperature is called:
- A. Ozone depletion
- B. Global warming
- C. Weathering
- D. Desertification only
Page Reference: Page 101
One-Word / Very Short Answer Questions
| Question | Answer | Page Reference |
|---|---|---|
| What is long-term average weather called? | Climate | Page 92 |
| Which climatic classification is based on temperature and rainfall? | Köppen classification | Page 93 |
| Which climate has rainfall throughout the year? | Equatorial climate | Page 94 |
| Which vegetation is found in equatorial climate? | Tropical evergreen forest | Page 94 |
| Which climate is associated with seasonal wind reversal? | Monsoon climate | Page 95 |
| Which vegetation is typical of savanna climate? | Grasslands | Page 95 |
| Which pressure belt is associated with hot deserts? | Subtropical high pressure belt | Page 96 |
| Which is the world’s largest hot desert? | Sahara Desert | Page 96 |
| Which climate has dry summers and wet winters? | Mediterranean climate | Page 97 |
| Which crops are important in Mediterranean climate? | Citrus fruits and grapes | Page 97 |
| What are temperate grasslands called in North America? | Prairies | Page 98 |
| Which forests dominate cool temperate regions? | Coniferous forests | Page 99 |
| Which vegetation is found in tundra climate? | Mosses and lichens | Page 100 |
| What is gradual rise in Earth’s temperature called? | Global warming | Page 101 |
| Which gas contributes most to greenhouse effect? | Carbon dioxide | Page 101 |
| Which international agreement deals with climate change? | Kyoto Protocol | Page 102 |
| Which climate experiences severe winters? | Tundra climate | Page 100 |
| Which climate has least annual temperature variation? | Equatorial climate | Page 94 |
| Which human activity increases greenhouse gases significantly? | Fossil fuel burning | Page 101 |
| Which environmental issue causes sea-level rise? | Global warming | Page 101 |
Assertion and Reason Questions
Question 1
Assertion (A): Climate refers to long-term weather conditions.
Reason (R): Climate is studied using atmospheric observations over many years.
Options:
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Page Reference: Page 92
Question 2
Assertion (A): Equatorial regions receive heavy rainfall throughout the year.
Reason (R): Strong convectional activity occurs in equatorial regions.
Options:
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Page Reference: Page 94
Question 3
Assertion (A): Equatorial climate experiences very little annual temperature variation.
Reason (R): Sun’s rays remain nearly vertical throughout the year.
Options:
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Page Reference: Page 94
Question 4
Assertion (A): Hot deserts are mainly located near subtropical high pressure belts.
Reason (R): Descending dry air prevents cloud formation and rainfall.
Options:
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Page Reference: Page 96
Question 5
Assertion (A): Mediterranean climate receives winter rainfall.
Reason (R): Westerlies influence these regions during winter season.
Options:
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Page Reference: Page 97
Question 6
Assertion (A): Tundra regions are treeless.
Reason (R): Extremely low temperatures restrict tree growth.
Options:
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Page Reference: Page 100
Question 7
Assertion (A): Global warming is linked to greenhouse gases.
Reason (R): Greenhouse gases trap outgoing terrestrial radiation.
Options:
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Page Reference: Page 101
Question 8
Assertion (A): Carbon dioxide concentration has increased due to human activities.
Reason (R): Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into atmosphere.
Options:
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Page Reference: Page 101
Question 9
Assertion (A): Deforestation contributes to climate change.
Reason (R): Forests absorb carbon dioxide from atmosphere.
Options:
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Page Reference: Page 101
Question 10
Assertion (A): Climate change can cause sea-level rise.
Reason (R): Global warming leads to melting of glaciers and polar ice.
Options:
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Page Reference: Page 101
Important Exam-Based Concept Questions
Question 1
Explain the meaning and elements of climate.
Page Reference: Page 92
Question 2
Discuss the major factors affecting climate.
Page Reference: Page 92
Question 3
Explain the basis of Köppen’s climatic classification.
Page Reference: Page 93
Question 4
Describe the characteristics of equatorial climate.
Page Reference: Page 94
Question 5
Explain the natural vegetation and human activities in equatorial regions.
Page Reference: Page 94
Question 6
Discuss the characteristics of tropical monsoon climate.
Page Reference: Page 95
Question 7
Explain the climatic and vegetation characteristics of savanna regions.
Page Reference: Page 95
Question 8
Describe the features of hot desert climate.
Page Reference: Page 96
Question 9
Explain why deserts receive very little rainfall.
Page Reference: Page 96
Question 10
Discuss the characteristics of Mediterranean climate.
Page Reference: Page 97
Question 11
Explain the importance of Mediterranean climate for horticulture.
Page Reference: Page 97
Question 12
Describe the climatic characteristics of temperate grasslands.
Page Reference: Page 98
Question 13
Explain the characteristics and importance of coniferous forests.
Page Reference: Page 99
Question 14
Discuss the climatic conditions of tundra regions.
Page Reference: Page 100
Question 15
Explain the concept and causes of global warming.
Page Reference: Page 101
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